Special Centre for Systems Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067, India.
School of Agriculture Sciences, Shri Guru Ram Rai University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand-248001, India.
Biomater Sci. 2024 Sep 10;12(18):4630-4649. doi: 10.1039/d4bm00796d.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a rising issue worldwide, which is increasing prolonged illness and mortality rates in the population. Similarly, bacteria have generated multidrug resistance (MDR) by developing various mechanisms to cope with existing antibiotics and therefore, there is a need to develop new antibacterial and antimicrobial agents. Biocompatible nanomaterials like graphene and its derivatives, graphene oxide (GO), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) loaded with metal/metal oxide nanoparticles have been explored as potential antibacterial agents. It is observed that nanocomposites of GO/rGO and metal/metal oxide nanoparticles can result in the synthesis of less toxic, more stable, controlled size, uniformly distributed, and cost-effective nanomaterials compared to pure metal nanoparticles. Antibacterial studies of these nanocomposites show their considerable potential as antibacterial and antimicrobial agents, however, issues like the mechanism of antimicrobial action and their cytotoxicity need to be explored in detail. This review highlights a comparative analysis of graphene-based metal and metal oxide nanoparticles as potential antibacterial agents against AMR and MDR.
抗微生物药物耐药性（AMR）是一个全球性的日益严重的问题，它导致人群中的疾病持续时间和死亡率增加。同样，细菌通过开发各种机制来应对现有的抗生素，从而产生了多药耐药性（MDR），因此需要开发新的抗菌和抗微生物药物。像石墨烯及其衍生物、氧化石墨烯（GO）和还原氧化石墨烯（rGO）这样的生物相容性纳米材料，已经被探索作为潜在的抗菌剂。研究发现，GO/rGO 和金属/金属氧化物纳米颗粒的纳米复合材料可以合成毒性更小、更稳定、尺寸可控、均匀分布且具有成本效益的纳米材料，而不是纯金属纳米颗粒。这些纳米复合材料的抗菌研究表明它们作为抗菌和抗微生物药物具有相当大的潜力，但是，需要详细探讨抗菌作用机制及其细胞毒性等问题。本综述强调了基于石墨烯的金属和金属氧化物纳米颗粒作为针对 AMR 和 MDR 的潜在抗菌剂的比较分析。
