Syeda Fizzia, Pandit Unnati
Department of Community Health Physiotherapy, D. Y. Patil School of Physiotherapy, D. Y. Patil University, Navi Mumbai, IND.
Cureus. 2024 Jul 14;16(7):e64544. doi: 10.7759/cureus.64544. eCollection 2024 Jul.
Urinary incontinence (UI) is an involuntary leakage of urine and is classified as stress, mixed, or urge. It is more common in females due to anatomical and physiological body differences. Moreover, the literature remarks an evident presence of UI with high-intensity physical activities. Therefore, the present integrative systematic review focused on the studies aimed at investigating the prevalence of UI in nulliparous sportswomen, studies illustrating sport-specific prevalence of UI, and studies demonstrating the impact of physical therapy intervention on UI. A literature search was carried out systematically on electronic databases consisting of Cochrane and Google Scholar databases from 2018 to December 2023. The keywords utilized to perform the literature search and include relevant articles consisted of "urinary incontinence," AND "nulliparous," AND "sportswomen," OR "female athletes," AND "physical therapy". A total of nine studies were included in the present systematic review. The quality assessment of the studies was performed by using a measurement tool to assess systematic reviews (AMSTAR 2) scale, and the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was used for cross-sectional and randomized controlled trial studies. The data extracted included first author and year of publication, study design, sample or number of individuals involved in the study, age range of the participants, type of UI, type of sports involved, purpose of the study, methodological part, outcome measures derived, conclusion, and quality assessment of the studies. The review concluded that nulliparous athletes, especially those participating in high-impact activities, have a significant prevalence of UI. In addition, the physical therapy intervention consisting of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) along with education about pertinent pelvic anatomy was mostly performed on female athletes for the prevention and management of UI.
尿失禁（UI）是指尿液不自主漏出，可分为压力性、混合性或急迫性尿失禁。由于解剖和生理上的身体差异，尿失禁在女性中更为常见。此外，文献表明高强度体育活动中明显存在尿失禁现象。因此，本综合系统评价聚焦于旨在调查未生育女运动员尿失禁患病率的研究、说明特定运动项目尿失禁患病率的研究，以及证明物理治疗干预对尿失禁影响的研究。对2018年至2023年12月期间Cochrane和谷歌学术数据库等电子数据库进行了系统的文献检索。用于进行文献检索并纳入相关文章的关键词包括“尿失禁”、“未生育”、“女运动员”或“女性运动员”以及“物理治疗”。本系统评价共纳入9项研究。采用评估系统评价的测量工具（AMSTAR 2）量表对研究进行质量评估，横断面研究和随机对照试验研究则使用混合方法评估工具。提取的数据包括第一作者和发表年份、研究设计、参与研究的样本或个体数量、参与者的年龄范围、尿失禁类型、所涉及的运动类型、研究目的、方法部分、得出的结果测量指标、结论以及研究的质量评估。该评价得出结论，未生育运动员，尤其是那些参与高强度活动的运动员，尿失禁患病率显著。此外，由盆底肌肉训练（PFMT）以及相关盆腔解剖知识教育组成的物理治疗干预主要应用于女性运动员，以预防和管理尿失禁。
