Kaur Jasleen, Deshmukh Prasad T, Gaurkar Sagar S
Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND.
Cureus. 2024 Jul 15;16(7):e64586. doi: 10.7759/cureus.64586. eCollection 2024 Jul.
Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant global health issue, predominantly affecting the lungs but also capable of involving the otorhinolaryngologic (ear, nose, and throat) regions. This comprehensive review explores the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges, management strategies, and public health implications of otorhinolaryngologic TB. The disease's diverse clinical manifestations, such as chronic ear discharge, nasal obstruction, and hoarseness, often mimic other common conditions, complicating diagnosis and delaying treatment. Diagnostic confirmation requires a combination of clinical assessment, laboratory tests, and imaging techniques, each with inherent limitations. Effective management necessitates a multidisciplinary approach, integrating medical and surgical interventions tailored to individual patient needs. Potential complications, including airway obstruction and hearing loss, highlight the importance of timely and appropriate treatment. The review underscores the critical role of public health measures in TB control. It also identifies emerging trends in diagnosis and treatment, emphasizing the need for ongoing research to improve patient outcomes and contribute to the global effort to control and eventually eradicate TB. This review aims to give healthcare providers a deeper understanding of otorhinolaryngologic TB, enhancing diagnostic and therapeutic approaches and improving patient care.
结核病是一个重大的全球健康问题，主要影响肺部，但也可累及耳鼻咽喉区域。本综述全面探讨了耳鼻咽喉结核的流行病学、病理生理学、临床表现、诊断挑战、管理策略及公共卫生影响。该疾病多样的临床表现，如慢性耳漏、鼻塞和声音嘶哑，常与其他常见病症相似，使诊断复杂化并延误治疗。诊断的确立需要结合临床评估、实验室检查和影像学技术，而每种方法都有其固有的局限性。有效的管理需要采取多学科方法，结合根据个体患者需求定制的药物和手术干预措施。包括气道梗阻和听力损失在内的潜在并发症凸显了及时和恰当治疗的重要性。本综述强调了公共卫生措施在结核病控制中的关键作用。它还确定了诊断和治疗方面的新趋势，强调需要持续开展研究以改善患者预后，并为全球控制乃至最终消除结核病的努力做出贡献。本综述旨在让医疗服务提供者更深入地了解耳鼻咽喉结核，加强诊断和治疗方法，改善患者护理。
