Gauthier Roby, Scott B, Bennett J Craig, Salehabadi Mina, Wang Jun, Sainuddin Tariq, Obrovac M N
Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S, B3H 4R2, Canada.
Department of Physics, Acadia University, Wolfville, N.S, B4P 2R6, Canada.
Heliyon. 2024 Jul 19;10(15):e34881. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34881. eCollection 2024 Aug 15.
The transformation of crystalline silicon to amorphous silicon during ball milling was quantitatively measured by x-ray diffraction and electrochemical methods. Amorphous silicon was found to form rapidly from the very initial stages of ball milling. Simultaneously, the grain size of the crystalline silicon phase decreased. Under extended milling times it was found that a maximum of 86 % of the silicon became amorphous. Similarly, the grain size of the crystalline silicon phase could not be reduced below 6 nm. This transformation followed an Avrami kinetic model, which is consistent with a system which reaches a steady state. These observations suggest a mechanism in which ball milling generates defects, resulting in silicon amorphization and grain size reduction, where the degree of amorphization is limited in extent because there exists a limiting silicon grain size below which defects are no longer formed.
通过X射线衍射和电化学方法对球磨过程中晶体硅向非晶硅的转变进行了定量测量。发现从球磨的最初阶段开始，非晶硅就迅速形成。同时，晶体硅相的晶粒尺寸减小。在延长球磨时间的情况下，发现最多86%的硅变成了非晶态。同样，晶体硅相的晶粒尺寸不能减小到6纳米以下。这种转变遵循阿弗拉米动力学模型，这与达到稳态的系统是一致的。这些观察结果表明了一种机制，即球磨产生缺陷，导致硅非晶化和晶粒尺寸减小，其中非晶化程度在范围上是有限的，因为存在一个极限硅晶粒尺寸，低于该尺寸不再形成缺陷。
