Ge Mingzheng, Cao Chunyan, Biesold Gill M, Sewell Christopher D, Hao Shu-Meng, Huang Jianying, Zhang Wei, Lai Yuekun, Lin Zhiqun
National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Technical Fiber Composites for Safety and Health, School of Textile & Clothing, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, P. R. China.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
Adv Mater. 2021 Apr;33(16):e2004577. doi: 10.1002/adma.202004577. Epub 2021 Mar 8.
The increasing demand for higher-energy-density batteries driven by advancements in electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, and portable electronic devices necessitates the development of alternative anode materials with a specific capacity beyond that of traditional graphite anodes. Here, the state-of-the-art developments made in the rational design of Si-based electrodes and their progression toward practical application are presented. First, a comprehensive overview of fundamental electrochemistry and selected critical challenges is given, including their large volume expansion, unstable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) growth, low initial Coulombic efficiency, low areal capacity, and safety issues. Second, the principles of potential solutions including nanoarchitectured construction, surface/interface engineering, novel binder and electrolyte design, and designing the whole electrode for stability are discussed in detail. Third, applications for Si-based anodes beyond LIBs are highlighted, specifically noting their promise in configurations of Li-S batteries and all-solid-state batteries. Fourth, the electrochemical reaction process, structural evolution, and degradation mechanisms are systematically investigated by advanced in situ and operando characterizations. Finally, the future trends and perspectives with an emphasis on commercialization of Si-based electrodes are provided. Si-based anode materials will be key in helping keep up with the demands for higher energy density in the coming decades.
电动汽车、混合动力电动汽车和便携式电子设备的发展推动了对更高能量密度电池的需求不断增加，这就需要开发比传统石墨阳极具有更高比容量的替代阳极材料。在此，介绍了硅基电极合理设计方面的最新进展及其向实际应用的发展进程。首先，全面概述了基本电化学以及选定的关键挑战，包括其大体积膨胀、不稳定的固体电解质界面（SEI）生长、低初始库仑效率、低面积容量和安全问题。其次，详细讨论了潜在解决方案的原理，包括纳米结构构建、表面/界面工程、新型粘结剂和电解质设计以及为稳定性设计整个电极。第三，强调了硅基阳极在锂离子电池之外的应用，特别指出了它们在锂硫电池和全固态电池配置中的前景。第四，通过先进的原位和 operando 表征系统地研究了电化学反应过程、结构演变和降解机制。最后，提供了未来趋势和展望，重点是硅基电极的商业化。硅基阳极材料将是在未来几十年满足更高能量密度需求方面的关键。
