Xu Yong, Jin Tao, Bai Yu, Zhou Xiuhong, Lv Han, Dai Chenwei, Wu Zhengwei, Xu Qinghua
Anhui Academy of Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical College, Hefei, China.
School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
Heliyon. 2024 Jul 9;10(15):e34337. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34337. eCollection 2024 Aug 15.
The global epidemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has brought about worldwide burden and a sense of danger for more than two years, leading to a wide range of social, public health, economic and environmental issues. Self-inoculation through hands has been the primary way for environmental transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Plasma-activated water (PAW) has been reported as an effective, safe and environmentally friendly disinfectant against SARS-CoV-2. However, the inactivating effect of PAW on SARS-CoV-2 located on skin surface and its underlying mechanism of action have not been elucidated. In this study, PAW was prepared using an air-pressure plasma jet device. The antiviral efficiency of PAW1, PAW3, and PAW5 on the SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus was 8.20 % (±2.88 %), 46.24 % (±1.79 %), and 91.71 % (±0.47 %), respectively. Additionally, determination of PAW's physicochemical properties, identification of major sterile effector in PAW, transmission electron microscopy analysis, malondialdehyde (MDA) assessment, SDS-PAGE, ELISA, and qPCR were conducted to reveal the virucidal mechanism of PAW. Our experimental results suggested that peroxynitrite, which was generated by the synergism of acidic environment and reactive species, was the major sterile effector of PAW. Furthermore, we found that PAW treatment significantly inactivated SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus through the destruction of its structure of and the degradation of the viral RNA. Therefore, the possible mechanism for the structural destruction of SARS-COV-2 by PAW is through the action of peroxynitrite generated by the synergism of acidic environment and reactive species, which might react with and destroy the lipid envelope of SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus. Nevertheless, further studies are required to shed light on the interaction mechanism of PAW-inherent RONS and viral components, and to confirm the determinant factors for virus inactivation of SARS-COV-2 by PAW. Therefore, PAW may be a candidate hand disinfectant used to disrupt the transmission of SARS-CoV-2.
由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）引起的全球疫情在两年多的时间里给全球带来了负担和危机感，引发了广泛的社会、公共卫生、经济和环境问题。通过手部进行自我接种一直是SARS-CoV-2环境传播的主要途径。据报道，等离子体活化水（PAW）是一种针对SARS-CoV-2有效、安全且环保的消毒剂。然而，PAW对位于皮肤表面的SARS-CoV-2的灭活作用及其潜在作用机制尚未阐明。在本研究中，使用气压等离子体射流装置制备了PAW。PAW1、PAW3和PAW5对SARS-CoV-2假病毒的抗病毒效率分别为8.20%（±2.88%）、46.24%（±1.79%）和91.71%（±0.47%）。此外，还进行了PAW的理化性质测定、PAW中主要杀菌效应物的鉴定、透射电子显微镜分析、丙二醛（MDA）评估、SDS-PAGE、酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）和定量聚合酶链反应（qPCR），以揭示PAW的杀病毒机制。我们的实验结果表明，由酸性环境和活性物质协同作用产生的过氧亚硝酸盐是PAW的主要杀菌效应物。此外，我们发现PAW处理通过破坏SARS-CoV-2假病毒的结构和降解病毒RNA，使其显著失活。因此，PAW对SARS-CoV-2进行结构破坏的可能机制是通过酸性环境和活性物质协同作用产生的过氧亚硝酸盐的作用，过氧亚硝酸盐可能与SARS-CoV-2假病毒的脂质包膜发生反应并将其破坏。然而，需要进一步研究以阐明PAW固有活性氧氮化物（RONS）与病毒成分的相互作用机制，并确定PAW使SARS-CoV-2病毒失活的决定性因素。因此，PAW可能是一种用于阻断SARS-CoV-2传播的手部消毒剂候选物。
