School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom.
PLoS One. 2024 Aug 15;19(8):e0307137. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307137. eCollection 2024.
University students typically face acute financial pressure, which can adversely impact mental health, wellbeing, and academic outcomes. This scoping review of qualitative and quantitative studies aimed to identify distinct money-management behaviours, and psychological determinants, to inform future interventions.
Two electronic databases were searched for observational studies focusing on money-management behaviours and their correlates (in quantitative studies) or reflections on experiences of such behaviours (qualitative studies). Of 789 unique papers identified, 12 papers, reporting 10 distinct studies (six quantitative, two qualitative, two mixed-methods), were entered into review. We inductively categorised all behaviours and psychological correlates, and narratively synthesised findings.
We documented 15 distinct money-management behaviours, which fitted five higher-order categories: budgeting, saving (i.e., building funds), spending, borrowing, and settling debts. Twenty-two distinct potential correlates were observed, which fitted six categories: personality characteristics, financial beliefs and knowledge, attitudes, affective responses, self-efficacy and control, and social influences. Financial beliefs and knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy and control, and social support from parents and peers were generally associated with 'better' money management practices.
Heterogeneity in behaviours and correlates studied precluded definitive conclusions. Future studies should more comprehensively adopt theories and concepts from behavioural science, to distinguish between different money-management behaviours, identify which behaviours have most impact on students, and establish which specific determinants are most related to which money-management behaviours.
大学生通常面临着严重的经济压力，这可能对他们的心理健康、幸福感和学业成绩产生不利影响。本研究对定性和定量研究进行了范围界定，旨在确定不同的理财行为和心理决定因素，为未来的干预措施提供信息。
对两个电子数据库进行了检索，以查找关注理财行为及其相关性的观察性研究（在定量研究中）或对这些行为的体验的反思（定性研究）。在 789 篇独特的论文中，有 12 篇论文（10 项研究），包括 6 项定量研究、2 项定性研究和 2 项混合方法研究，被纳入了综述。我们对所有行为和心理相关性进行了归纳分类，并进行了叙述性综合。
我们记录了 15 种不同的理财行为，这些行为可以归入五个高级类别：预算、储蓄（即建立资金）、消费、借贷和偿还债务。观察到了 22 种不同的潜在相关性，这些相关性可以归入六个类别：个性特征、财务信仰和知识、态度、情感反应、自我效能和控制以及社会影响。财务信仰和知识、态度、自我效能和控制以及来自父母和同伴的社会支持通常与更好的理财实践相关。
研究中行为和相关性的异质性使得无法得出明确的结论。未来的研究应该更全面地采用行为科学的理论和概念，区分不同的理财行为，确定哪些行为对学生影响最大，并确定哪些特定的决定因素与哪些理财行为最相关。
