Laboratory of Experimental Chemotherapy in Veterinary Parasitology (LQEPV), Department of Animal Parasitology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 7, Seropedica, Rio de Janeiro, 23890-000, Brazil.
Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Bioactive Natural, Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Health and Biological Science Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 7, Seropedica, Rio de Janeiro, 23890-000, Brazil.
Acta Parasitol. 2024 Sep;69(3):1426-1438. doi: 10.1007/s11686-024-00874-3. Epub 2024 Aug 15.
The flea Ctenocephalides felis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae), parasitizes dogs and cats globally, acting as a vector for various pathogens affecting both animals and humans. Growing interest in environmentally friendly, plant-based products prompted this study. The aim of the study was to determine the chemical composition of essential oils (EOs) from Copaifera reticulata, Citrus paradisi, Lavandula hybrida and Salvia sclarea, assessing their insecticidal and repellent properties, determining lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC90), and evaluating residual efficacy in vitro against Ctenocephalides felis felis.
Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detector analyzed EO composition. In vitro tests involved preparing EO solutions at various concentrations. Ten specimens from each life stage (egg, larva, pupa, adult) were used for insecticidal activity assessment. Adulticidal activity was assessed using 10 cm filter paper strip, each treated with 0.200 mL of the test solution. Immature stages activities were evaluated using 23.76 cm discs of the same filter paper, each treated with 0.470 mL of the test solution. Mortality percentage was calculated using (number of dead insects × 100) / number of incubated insects. Probit analysis calculated LC50 values with a 95% confidence interval.
Major EO constituents were β-caryophyllene (EOCR), linalool (EOLH), linalyl acetate (EOSS), and limonene (EOCP). LC50 values were obtained for all stages except for the essential oil of C. paradisi. All oils showed repellent activity at 800 μg/cm. OECR exhibited greater residual efficacy.
Each EO demonstrated superior insecticidal activity against specific C. felis felis stages.
跳蚤 Ctenocephalides felis（蚤目：蚤科）在全球范围内寄生在狗和猫身上，是影响动物和人类的各种病原体的载体。对环保、植物性产品的兴趣日益浓厚促使了这项研究的开展。本研究的目的是确定来自巴西橡胶树、葡萄柚、杂交薰衣草和普通鼠尾草的精油（EOs）的化学成分，评估其杀虫和驱避特性，确定致死浓度（LC50 和 LC90），并评估体外对猫栉首蚤指名亚种的残留效果。
气相色谱法与火焰离子化检测器分析 EO 成分。体外试验涉及制备不同浓度的 EO 溶液。每个生命阶段（卵、幼虫、蛹、成虫）使用 10 个标本进行杀虫活性评估。使用 10cm 滤纸条评估成虫活性，每个滤纸条用 0.200mL 测试溶液处理。使用相同滤纸条的 23.76cm 圆盘评估幼虫活性，每个圆盘用 0.470mL 测试溶液处理。死亡率通过（死亡昆虫数×100）/孵育昆虫数计算。概率单位分析计算 LC50 值和 95%置信区间。
主要的 EO 成分是 β-石竹烯（EOCR）、芳樟醇（EOLH）、乙酸芳樟酯（EOSS）和柠檬烯（EOCP）。除了葡萄柚精油外，所有阶段都获得了 LC50 值。所有精油在 800μg/cm 时均显示出驱避活性。EOCR 表现出更好的残留效果。
每种精油对特定的猫栉首蚤指名亚种都表现出卓越的杀虫活性。
