Department of Tree Science, Entomology and Plant Pathology "G. Scaramuzzi", University of Pisa, Via San Michele degli Scalzi 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
Parasitol Res. 2012 Jul;111(1):291-9. doi: 10.1007/s00436-012-2837-6. Epub 2012 Feb 15.
Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) has been one of the fastest spreading insects over the past 20 years. Its medical importance is due to the aggressive daytime human-biting behavior and the ability to vector many viruses, including dengue, LaCrosse, Eastern Equine encephalitis and West Nile viruses. In this research, the essential oils (EOs) extracted from fresh air dried leaves of Salvia dorisiana, S. longifolia, and S. sclarea (Lamiaceae) were evaluated for their repellent activity against A. albopictus by using the human-bait technique. The EOs chemical composition was also investigated, and EOs were divided in three different profiles on the basis of their chemical composition: EO with large amount of monoterpenes from S. sclarea, EO rich in oxygenated sesquiterpenes from S. dorisiana, and S. longifolia EO characterized by similar percentages of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. The efficacy protection from S. dorisiana, S. longifolia, and S. sclarea EOs, at dosages ranging from 0.004 to 0.4 μL cm(-2) of skin, was evaluated during 120 min of observation. Results indicated that S. dorisiana, S. longifolia, and S. sclarea EOs had a significant repellent activity (RD(50) =0.00035, 0.00049, and 0.00101 μL cm(-2), respectively), with differences in repellency rates, as a function of oil, dosage, and observation time. S. dorisiana was the most effective oil: at the two higher dosages, it gave almost complete protection (with a protective efficacy of 90.99% and 95.62%, respectively) for 90 min. The best protection time was achieved with S. dorisiana essential oil. It ranged from 9.2 to 92.4 min. Protection times of S. longifolia and S. sclarea oils ranged from 3.2 to 60 min, and from 3.6 to 64.2 min, respectively. Our findings clearly reveal that these EOs have a good repellent activity against A. albopictus, therefore they can be proposed to improve the efficacy of repellent formulations against the Asian tiger mosquito.
白纹伊蚊（双翅目：库蚊科）是过去 20 年来传播速度最快的昆虫之一。它的医学重要性是由于其具有攻击性的白天叮咬人类的行为以及传播多种病毒的能力，包括登革热、拉科斯特、东部马脑炎和西尼罗河病毒。在这项研究中，使用人体诱饵技术评估了从新鲜空气干燥的罗勒属植物（唇形科）（即 Dorisyellow Sage、S. longifolia 和 S. sclarea）叶子中提取的精油（EOs）对 A. albopictus 的驱避活性。还研究了 EO 的化学成分，并根据其化学成分将 EO 分为三种不同的类型：以 S. sclarea 中的大量单萜为特征的 EO、以 S. dorisiana 中的含氧倍半萜为特征的 EO，以及以单萜和倍半萜百分比相似为特征的 S. longifolia EO。在 120 分钟的观察期间，评估了 S. dorisiana、S. longifolia 和 S. sclarea EO 从 0.004 到 0.4 μL cm(-2) 皮肤剂量的保护效果。结果表明，S. dorisiana、S. longifolia 和 S. sclarea EO 具有显著的驱避活性（RD(50)分别为 0.00035、0.00049 和 0.00101 μL cm(-2)），驱避率存在差异，这取决于油、剂量和观察时间。S. dorisiana 是最有效的油：在两个较高剂量下，它在 90 分钟内几乎完全提供保护（保护效力分别为 90.99%和 95.62%）。S. dorisiana 精油达到最佳保护时间。它的范围从 9.2 到 92.4 分钟。S. longifolia 和 S. sclarea 油的保护时间分别为 3.2 到 60 分钟，以及 3.6 到 64.2 分钟。我们的研究结果清楚地表明，这些 EO 对白纹伊蚊具有良好的驱避活性，因此可以提议它们来提高驱避制剂对亚洲虎蚊的效果。
