is Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
is Associate Program Director, Internal Medicine Residency Program, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
J Grad Med Educ. 2024 Aug;16(4):427-435. doi: 10.4300/JGME-D-23-00499.1. Epub 2024 Aug 15.
Impostor phenomenon (IP) describes feelings of inadequacy often experienced by individuals struggling to internalize success despite evidence to the contrary. IP is common in medicine and can be experienced as a cycle following exposure to an achievement-focused task, leading to fear of being found out as an impostor. Prior research describes IP characteristics, yet few studies have identified factors that mitigate IP among medical residents. To understand factors that moderate IP among internal medicine (IM) residents. We conducted a qualitative study using one-on-one semistructured interviews with 28 IM residents at a single academic health center from May to June 2020. To ascertain the prevalence of IP, informants completed a 20-item Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale (CIPS) questionnaire. Using a constructivist thematic approach investigators independently coded transcripts to identify factors mitigating IP. Twenty-eight of 53 (53%) eligible residents participated in the study. Most informants were female (21 of 28, 75%) and in their second postgraduate year of training (12 of 28, 43%). The mean CIPS score was 63. When faced with an achievement-focused task, informants describe feelings of inadequacy, avoidance behaviors, distortion of feedback, and attribution beliefs. Internal factors found to moderate IP include (1) reframing attribution beliefs; (2) accepting feedback; and (3) acknowledging strengths. External factors include (1) mentors, coaches, and role models; (2) formal opportunities to share IP experiences; and (3) growth-oriented learning environments. This qualitative study describes internal and external factors that potentially mitigate impostor feelings, thereby interrupting the cyclical nature of IP among IM residents.
冒名顶替者现象（IP）描述了个体在努力内化成功时经常经历的不适应感，尽管有相反的证据。IP 在医学中很常见，并且可能会在经历以成就为导向的任务后出现，导致担心被发现是冒名顶替者。先前的研究描述了 IP 的特征，但很少有研究确定减轻医学住院医师 IP 的因素。为了了解调节内科住院医师（IM）IP 的因素。我们使用单一一对一半结构化访谈，于 2020 年 5 月至 6 月在一家学术医疗中心对 28 名 IM 住院医师进行了一项定性研究。为了确定 IP 的流行程度，告知者完成了 20 项 Clance 冒名顶替者现象量表（CIPS）问卷。研究人员使用建构主义主题方法独立对转录本进行编码，以确定减轻 IP 的因素。28 名符合条件的住院医师中的 28 名（53%）参加了该研究。大多数告知者为女性（28 名中的 21 名，75%），处于研究生第二年培训（28 名中的 12 名，43%）。CIPS 平均得分为 63。当面临以成就为导向的任务时，告知者会描述不适应感、回避行为、反馈扭曲和归因信念。被发现调节 IP 的内部因素包括：（1）重新构建归因信念；（2）接受反馈；（3）承认优势。外部因素包括：（1）导师、教练和榜样；（2）正式分享 IP 经验的机会；和（3）以成长为导向的学习环境。这项定性研究描述了潜在减轻冒名顶替感的内部和外部因素，从而打断了 IM 住院医师中 IP 的周期性。
