Stein Hans H
Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States.
Front Nutr. 2024 Aug 1;11:1434430. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1434430. eCollection 2024.
The protein value of any food item is determined by the quantity and ileal digestibility of indispensable amino acids in that food. To determine the ileal digestibility of amino acids, an animal model needs to be used, and the pig is the preferred model because values for ileal digestibility obtained in pigs are representative of values obtained in humans. In addition, pigs are omnivorous animals like humans, they are meal eaters, they consume most diets that humans consume, they are easy to work with, and they can be used for repeated determinations of digestibility in many foods. It is, therefore, possible to use pigs to establish a database with digestibility values for human foods and by correcting digestibility values obtained in pigs for the basal endogenous losses of amino acids, it is possible to calculate true ileal digestibility values that are additive in mixed meals. As a consequence, the protein quality of a meal consisting of several food items can be calculated based on digestibility values obtained in pigs. Future work needs to focus on expanding existing databases for amino acid digestibility in foods to include more food items, which will make it possible to estimate the amino acid value of more mixed meals. It is also necessary that the amino acid values in mixed meals be related to requirements for digestible indispensable amino acids in the individuals consuming the meals. The current contribution describes the basic steps in determining amino acid digestibility in human foods using the pig as a model and also outlines future steps needed to further improve amino acid nutrition in humans.
任何食物的蛋白质价值取决于该食物中必需氨基酸的数量和回肠消化率。为了确定氨基酸的回肠消化率,需要使用动物模型,猪是首选模型,因为在猪身上获得的回肠消化率值代表了在人类身上获得的值。此外,猪和人类一样是杂食动物,它们少食多餐,食用大多数人类食用的食物,易于操作,并且可用于多次测定多种食物的消化率。因此,有可能利用猪建立一个人类食物消化率值的数据库,通过校正猪身上获得的消化率值以考虑氨基酸的基础内源性损失,就有可能计算出在混合膳食中具有可加性的真实回肠消化率值。因此,可以根据在猪身上获得的消化率值来计算由几种食物组成的一餐的蛋白质质量。未来的工作需要集中在扩大现有的食物氨基酸消化率数据库,纳入更多食物种类,这将使估计更多混合膳食的氨基酸价值成为可能。同样有必要将混合膳食中的氨基酸价值与食用这些膳食的个体对可消化必需氨基酸的需求联系起来。本文阐述了以猪为模型测定人类食物中氨基酸消化率的基本步骤,并概述了进一步改善人类氨基酸营养所需的后续步骤。