Moughan Paul J, Lim Wen Xin Janice
Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
Front Nutr. 2024 Jul 3;11:1389719. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1389719. eCollection 2024.
The objective of the review is to revisit the findings of the 2011 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Expert Consultation on Dietary Protein Quality Evaluation in Human Nutrition, and to report on progress on uptake of the findings. It is evident that since 2011 there has been a concerted research effort to enhance an understanding of the protein quality of foods. The validity of the growing pig ileal protein digestibility assay has been confirmed and numerous studies reported using the growing pig as a model to give true ileal amino acid digestibility values for foods as consumed by humans. This has allowed for the determination of digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) for a range of foods. A new non-invasive true ileal amino acid digestibility assay in humans which can be applied in different physiological states, called the dual-isotope assay, has been developed and applied to determine the DIAAS values of foods. It is concluded that DIAAS is currently the most accurate score for routinely assessing the protein quality rating of single source proteins. In the future, the accuracy of DIAAS can be enhanced by improved information on: the ideal dietary amino acid balance including the ideal dispensable to indispensable amino acid ratio; dietary indispensable amino acid requirements; effects of processing on ileal amino acid digestibility and lysine bioavailability. There is a need to develop rapid, inexpensive digestibility assays. Conceptual issues relating DIAAS to food regulatory claims, and to holistic indices of food nutritional and health status are discussed. The first recommendation of the 2011 Consultation regarding treating each indispensable amino acid as an individual nutrient has received little attention. Consideration should be given to providing food label information on the digestible contents of specific indispensable amino acids.
本次综述的目的是重新审视2011年联合国粮食及农业组织（粮农组织）关于人类营养中膳食蛋白质质量评估的专家磋商会的结果，并报告这些结果的应用进展。显然，自2011年以来，为增进对食物蛋白质质量的理解，开展了协同研究工作。生长猪回肠蛋白质消化率测定法的有效性已得到证实，许多研究报告称，以生长猪为模型来得出人类食用食物的真实回肠氨基酸消化率值。这使得能够测定一系列食物的可消化必需氨基酸评分（DIAAS）。一种可应用于不同生理状态的新型人体非侵入性真实回肠氨基酸消化率测定法，即双同位素测定法，已被开发出来并用于测定食物的DIAAS值。得出的结论是，DIAAS目前是常规评估单一来源蛋白质蛋白质质量等级的最准确评分。未来，可通过以下方面的改进信息来提高DIAAS的准确性：理想的膳食氨基酸平衡，包括理想的非必需氨基酸与必需氨基酸比例；膳食必需氨基酸需求；加工对回肠氨基酸消化率和赖氨酸生物利用率的影响。有必要开发快速、廉价的消化率测定法。讨论了与DIAAS相关的概念问题，包括其与食品监管声明以及食品营养和健康状况整体指标的关系。2011年磋商会关于将每种必需氨基酸视为单独营养素的第一项建议很少受到关注。应考虑在食品标签上提供特定必需氨基酸可消化含量的信息。
