Reolon Henrique Goncalves, Abduch Natalya Gardezani, de Freitas Ana Claudia, Silva Rafael Medeiros de Oliveira, Fragomeni Breno de Oliveira, Lourenco Daniela, Baldi Fernando, de Paz Claudia Cristina Paro, Stafuzza Nedenia Bonvino
Beef Cattle Research Center, Animal Science Institute, Sertãozinho, Brazil.
Department of Genetics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School (FMRP), University of Sao Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
Front Genet. 2024 Aug 1;15:1392670. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1392670. eCollection 2024.
Identifying molecular mechanisms responsible for the response to heat stress is essential to increase production, reproduction, health, and welfare. This study aimed to identify early biological responses and potential biomarkers involved in the response to heat stress and animal's recovery in tropically adapted beef cattle through proteomic analysis of blood plasma.
Blood samples were collected from 14 Caracu males during the heat stress peak (HSP) and 16 h after it (heat stress recovery-HSR) assessed based on wet bulb globe temperature index and rectal temperature. Proteome was investigated by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry from plasma samples, and the differentially regulated proteins were evaluated by functional enrichment analysis using DAVID tool. The protein-protein interaction network was evaluated by STRING tool.
A total of 1,550 proteins were detected in both time points, of which 84 and 65 were downregulated and upregulated during HSR, respectively. Among the differentially regulated proteins with the highest absolute log-fold change values, those encoded by the and genes were highlighted as potential biomarkers because of their roles in response to heat stress. The functional enrichment analysis revealed that 65 Gene Ontology terms and 34 pathways were significant ( < 0.05). We highlighted those that could be associated with the response to heat stress, such as those related to the immune system, complement system, hemostasis, calcium, ECM-receptor interaction, and PI3K-Akt and MAPK signaling pathways. In addition, the protein-protein interaction network analysis revealed several complement and coagulation proteins and acute-phase proteins as important nodes based on their centrality and edges.
Identifying differentially regulated proteins and their relationship, as well as their roles in key pathways contribute to improve the knowledge of the mechanisms behind the response to heat stress in naturally adapted cattle breeds. In addition, proteins highlighted herein are potential biomarkers involved in the early response and recovery from heat stress in tropically adapted beef cattle.
确定对热应激反应的分子机制对于提高生产、繁殖、健康和福利至关重要。本研究旨在通过对血浆进行蛋白质组分析，确定热带适应性肉牛对热应激反应及动物恢复过程中涉及的早期生物学反应和潜在生物标志物。
根据湿球黑球温度指数和直肠温度，在热应激高峰期（HSP）采集14头卡拉库公牛的血样，并在热应激16小时后（热应激恢复 - HSR）采集血样。通过液相色谱 - 串联质谱法对血浆样本进行蛋白质组研究，并使用DAVID工具通过功能富集分析评估差异调节蛋白。通过STRING工具评估蛋白质 - 蛋白质相互作用网络。
在两个时间点共检测到1550种蛋白质，其中在HSR期间分别有84种和65种蛋白质下调和上调。在绝对对数倍变化值最高的差异调节蛋白中，由 和 基因编码的蛋白因其在热应激反应中的作用而被突出为潜在生物标志物。功能富集分析显示65个基因本体术语和34条通路具有显著性（ < 0.05）。我们突出了那些可能与热应激反应相关的术语和通路，例如与免疫系统、补体系统、止血、钙、细胞外基质 - 受体相互作用以及PI3K - Akt和MAPK信号通路相关的术语和通路。此外，蛋白质 - 蛋白质相互作用网络分析显示，基于其中心性和边数，几种补体和凝血蛋白以及急性期蛋白是重要节点。
确定差异调节蛋白及其关系，以及它们在关键通路中的作用，有助于增进对自然适应性牛品种热应激反应背后机制的了解。此外，本文突出的蛋白质是热带适应性肉牛热应激早期反应和恢复过程中涉及的潜在生物标志物。
