Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Sep 2;24(17):13599. doi: 10.3390/ijms241713599.
Climate change is a current concern that directly and indirectly affects agriculture, especially the livestock sector. Neonatal piglets have a limited thermoregulatory capacity and are particularly stressed by ambient temperatures outside their optimal physiological range, which has a major impact on their survival rate. In this study, we focused on the effects of thermal stress (35 °C, 39 °C, and 41 °C compared to 37 °C) on differentiating myotubes derived from the satellite cells of , isolated from two different developmental stages of thermolabile 5-day-old (p5) and thermostable 20-day-old piglets (p20). Analysis revealed statistically significant differential expression genes (DEGs) between the different cultivation temperatures, with a higher number of genes responding to cold treatment. These DEGs were involved in the macromolecule degradation and actin kinase cytoskeleton categories and were observed at lower temperatures (35 °C), whereas at higher temperatures (39 °C and 41 °C), the protein transport system, endoplasmic reticulum system, and ATP activity were more pronounced. Gene expression profiling of and gene families, which are commonly associated with cold and heat responses, exhibited a pattern dependent on temperature variability. Moreover, thermal stress exhibited an inhibitory effect on cell cycle, with a more pronounced downregulation during cold stress driven by genes. Additionally, our analysis revealed DEGs from donors with an undeveloped thermoregulation capacity (p5) and those with a fully developed thermoregulation capacity (p20) under various cultivation temperature. The highest number of DEGs and significant GO terms was observed under temperatures of 35 °C and 37 °C. In particular, under 35 °C, the DEGs were enriched in insulin, thyroid hormone, and calcium signaling pathways. This result suggests that the different thermoregulatory capacities of the donor piglets determined the ability of the primary muscle cell culture to differentiate into myotubes at different temperatures. This work sheds new light on the underlying molecular mechanisms that govern piglet differentiating myotube response to thermal stress and can be leveraged to develop effective thermal management strategies to enhance skeletal muscle growth.
气候变化是当前人们关注的一个问题，它直接或间接地影响着农业，尤其是畜牧业。新生仔猪的体温调节能力有限，当周围环境温度超出其最佳生理范围时，仔猪会感到特别不适，这对它们的存活率有重大影响。在本研究中，我们专注于热应激（35°C、39°C 和 41°C 与 37°C 相比）对源自 5 日龄（p5）和 20 日龄（p20）仔猪卫星细胞的肌管分化的影响。分析显示，不同培养温度之间存在统计学上显著差异表达的基因（DEGs），其中对冷处理有更多基因响应。这些 DEGs 参与了大分子降解和肌动蛋白激酶细胞骨架类别，并且在较低温度（35°C）下观察到，而在较高温度（39°C 和 41°C）下，蛋白质运输系统、内质网系统和 ATP 活性更为明显。和基因家族的基因表达谱分析，这些基因通常与冷和热反应有关，表现出依赖于温度变化的模式。此外，热应激对细胞周期表现出抑制作用，在由基因驱动的冷应激下，细胞周期的下调更为明显。此外，我们的分析还揭示了来自未发育体温调节能力（p5）和完全发育体温调节能力（p20）供体的差异表达基因（DEGs）在不同培养温度下的情况。在 35°C 和 37°C 下观察到最多的 DEGs 和显著的 GO 术语。特别是在 35°C 下，DEGs 富集在胰岛素、甲状腺激素和钙信号通路中。这一结果表明，供体仔猪不同的体温调节能力决定了原代肌肉细胞培养在不同温度下分化为肌管的能力。这项工作为仔猪分化肌管对热应激的反应所涉及的潜在分子机制提供了新的认识，并可用于制定有效的热管理策略，以促进骨骼肌生长。
