Fundació Institut Universitari Per a La Recerca a L'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol I Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain.
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola de Vallès), Barcelona, Spain.
Cancer Med. 2024 Aug;13(16):e7400. doi: 10.1002/cam4.7400.
Metabolic syndrome (MS) has emerged as a significant global health concern. The relationship between MS and the risk of cancer doesn't seem clear, whether examining by components or in combination. The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between MS, its components, and the overall risk of cancer, including the risk of 13 specific cancer types.
We included 3,918,781 individuals aged 40 years or older sourced from the SIDIAP database between 2008 and 2017. Cox models were employed with MS components and their combinations. A subsample was created using a matched cohort (by age and sex). Incidence curves were computed to determine the time elapsed between the date of having 1-5 MS components and cancer incidence, compared to matched participants with no MS components, which showed that individuals who had one MS component experienced a greater incidence of cancer over 5 and 10 years than individuals with no MS, and the incidence rose with an increase in the number of MS components.
Individuals exposed to MS components were diagnosed with cancer earlier than those who were not exposed to them. In the Cox model, HDL (HR 1.46, 95% CI: 1.41-1.52) and Glycemia (HR 1.40, 95% CI: 1.37-1.44) were the individual combinations with the highest risk of overall cancer. In combinations with two components, the highest HR was HDL+Glycemia (HR 1.52, 95% CI: 1.45-1.59) and Glycemia+HBP (HR 1.48, 95% CI: 1.45-1.50). In combinations with three components, the highest HR was HDL+Glycemia+HBP (HR 1.58, 95% CI: 1.55-1.62).
In summary, having one or more MS components raises the risk of developing at least 11 cancer types and these risk differ according to type of component included. Some sex differences are also observed. Our findings suggest that implementing prevention measures aimed at specific MS components may lower the risk of various cancer types.
代谢综合征（MS）已成为一个重大的全球健康问题。无论考察其组成部分还是综合情况，MS 与癌症风险之间的关系似乎并不明确。本研究旨在探讨 MS、其组成部分与癌症总体风险之间的关系，包括 13 种特定癌症类型的风险。
我们纳入了 2008 年至 2017 年间 SIDIAP 数据库中年龄在 40 岁及以上的 3918781 名个体。使用 Cox 模型对 MS 组成部分及其组合进行分析。通过匹配队列（按年龄和性别）创建了一个亚样本。计算发病率曲线以确定从出现 1-5 个 MS 组成部分到癌症发病的时间间隔，并与没有 MS 组成部分的匹配参与者进行比较，结果显示，与没有 MS 的参与者相比，有一个 MS 组成部分的个体在 5 年和 10 年内癌症的发病率更高，而且随着 MS 组成部分数量的增加，发病率也会升高。
暴露于 MS 组成部分的个体比未暴露于 MS 组成部分的个体更早被诊断出患有癌症。在 Cox 模型中，HDL（HR 1.46，95%CI：1.41-1.52）和血糖（HR 1.40，95%CI：1.37-1.44）是总体癌症风险最高的个体组合。在两个组成部分的组合中，最高的 HR 是 HDL+血糖（HR 1.52，95%CI：1.45-1.59）和血糖+高血压（HR 1.48，95%CI：1.45-1.50）。在三个组成部分的组合中，最高的 HR 是 HDL+血糖+高血压（HR 1.58，95%CI：1.55-1.62）。
总之，有一个或多个 MS 组成部分会增加至少 11 种癌症类型的发病风险，并且这些风险因所包含的组成部分类型而异。还观察到一些性别差异。我们的研究结果表明，针对特定 MS 组成部分实施预防措施可能会降低多种癌症类型的风险。
