Łajczak Paweł, Żerdziński Krzysztof, Jóźwik Kamil, Laskowski Maciej, Dymek Mikołaj
Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
World Neurosurg. 2024 Nov;191:109-116. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2024.08.051. Epub 2024 Aug 14.
The intricate nature of spinal surgery demands unprecedented precision to avoid severe complications such as nerve damage and paralysis. Recent advancements have steered spinal surgery toward robotic assistance, which enhances precision beyond human capabilities. These robotic systems allow for detailed preoperative planning and real-time guidance during surgery, significantly reducing the margin for error and promoting the adoption of minimally invasive techniques. This review aimed to evaluate the application of robotic systems in spinal surgeries, focusing on the accuracy and efficacy of these technologies in clinical settings.
The authors used comprehensive literature searches in 2 databases, PubMed and Scopus, focusing on the terms "robot," "robot-assisted," and "spine surgery." The search was aimed at gathering both original research and review articles to assess the current status and advancements in robotic spinal surgery.
Robotic systems, such as the Mazor X Stealth, have demonstrated high precision in pedicle screw placement with minimal deviation. Studies show a significant increase in the accuracy of screw placement compared with traditional methods. Furthermore, the use of robotic assistance in surgery has been linked to reduced operative times, less blood loss, and decreased radiation exposure to both patients and surgical teams.
Robotic systems significantly enhance the precision and safety of spinal surgeries. They reduce the risk of complications, minimize surgical invasiveness, and maintain or improve operative outcomes. However, challenges such as high costs and the need for specialized training persist. Continuous technological advancements and training are essential for the broader adoption of these systems in spinal surgeries.
脊柱手术的复杂性要求具备前所未有的精准度，以避免诸如神经损伤和瘫痪等严重并发症。最近的进展已将脊柱手术导向机器人辅助，这提高了超出人类能力范围的精准度。这些机器人系统允许在术前进行详细规划并在手术期间提供实时引导，显著减少误差范围并促进微创技术的采用。本综述旨在评估机器人系统在脊柱手术中的应用，重点关注这些技术在临床环境中的准确性和有效性。
作者在两个数据库（PubMed和Scopus）中进行了全面的文献检索，重点关注“机器人”“机器人辅助”和“脊柱手术”等术语。该检索旨在收集原始研究和综述文章，以评估机器人脊柱手术的现状和进展。
诸如Mazor X Stealth等机器人系统在椎弓根螺钉置入方面已展示出高精度，偏差极小。研究表明，与传统方法相比，螺钉置入的准确性有显著提高。此外，手术中使用机器人辅助与缩短手术时间、减少失血量以及减少患者和手术团队所受辐射暴露有关。
机器人系统显著提高了脊柱手术的精准度和安全性。它们降低了并发症风险，将手术侵袭性降至最低，并维持或改善了手术效果。然而，高成本和需要专业培训等挑战依然存在。持续的技术进步和培训对于这些系统在脊柱手术中更广泛的应用至关重要。
