Xerxa Yllza, Hillegers Manon H J, Mesman Esther, Tiemeier Henning, Jansen Pauline W
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2025 Apr;34(4):1329-1340. doi: 10.1007/s00787-024-02562-z. Epub 2024 Aug 17.
Psychopathology runs in families and affects functioning of individuals and their family members. This study assessed the intergenerational transmission of psychopathology risk across three generations, and the extent to which social support factors may protect against this transmission from parents to their offspring. This study was embedded in Generation R, a multi-ethnic population-based cohort from fetal life onwards. Lifetime psychiatric disorders of grandparents were assessed with the Family Informant Schedule Criteria- updated for DSM-IV. Parental psychopathology was repeatedly measured by the Brief Symptom Inventory. Offspring psychopathology (ages 10 and 14) was assessed with the Brief Problem Monitor. Maternal and child social factors were assessed using questionnaire measures and a computerized peer nomination assessment. Our results show that the estimated additive interaction effect for the risk transmission of grandparental and pre- and postnatal parental psychopathology to offspring psychopathology was 23% (95% CI 19; 27). The joint effect of grandparental and parental psychopathology combined with maternal and child social support factors was 13% (95% CI 08; 17)], suggesting that social support factors diminished the intergenerational transmission of psychopathology from (grand)parents (G1 and G2) to offspring (G3). Transmission of psychopathology risk may have long-lasting developmental effects across generations. Social support factors reduced the vulnerability to the effects of psychopathology risk, underscoring the importance of the identification of buffering factors associated with good mental health in adolescents who are at high familial risk.
精神病理学在家族中具有遗传性，会影响个体及其家庭成员的功能。本研究评估了三代人之间精神病理学风险的代际传递，以及社会支持因素在多大程度上可以防止这种风险从父母传递给后代。本研究纳入了“R世代”队列，这是一个从胎儿期开始的基于多民族人群的队列。祖父母的终生精神障碍通过为《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第四版更新的家庭 informant 日程标准进行评估。父母的精神病理学通过简明症状量表进行反复测量。后代的精神病理学（10岁和14岁）通过简明问题监测器进行评估。母婴社会因素通过问卷调查和计算机化的同伴提名评估进行评估。我们的结果表明，祖父母以及产前和产后父母的精神病理学向后代精神病理学风险传递的估计相加交互效应为23%（95%可信区间19；27）。祖父母和父母的精神病理学与母婴社会支持因素的联合效应为13%（95%可信区间08；17），这表明社会支持因素减少了精神病理学从（外）祖父母（G1和G2）向后代（G3）的代际传递。精神病理学风险的传递可能会对几代人的发育产生长期影响。社会支持因素降低了对精神病理学风险影响的易感性，强调了在高家族风险的青少年中识别与良好心理健康相关的缓冲因素的重要性。
