Batista-Cárdenas Daniela, Araya-Castillo Agatha, Arias-Campos María Paula, Solís-Rivera Ana Paula, Jiménez-Matarrita Jeniffer, Piedra-Hernández Lucía, Madriz-Montero Luis, Ramírez Karol
School of Statistics, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica.
Faculty of Dentistry, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica.
Front Oral Health. 2024 Aug 2;5:1447019. doi: 10.3389/froh.2024.1447019. eCollection 2024.
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Information on the systemic medication profiles of patients with periodontitis is limited. Therefore, this retrospective cross-sectional study aimed to analyze the relationship between the severity and rate of progression of periodontitis and systemic medication intake using a database of patients who attended the Clinic of Periodontics of the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Costa Rica.
Electronic health records of patients diagnosed with periodontitis based on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions (2017) were evaluated. Individuals were further categorized based on the severity (stage) and rate of progression (grade). Data extracted from the patient records included age, sex, and self-reported medication intake.
In total, 930 records were included. Most of the studied population was middle-aged (36-64 years old); 43.01% were male, and 56.99% were female. Four hundred and fifty-seven patients (49.14%) reported taking at least one systemic medication for a chronic condition. Regarding the periodontal treatment phase, 62.37% underwent steps 1-3, and 37.63% underwent step 4. The most common systemic medications taken were for cardiovascular diseases (42.28%), followed by medications for diabetes (14.46%) and neurologic disorders (14.46%). Most patients (59.35%) were diagnosed with Stage III periodontitis. Grade B (48.28%) was the most prevalent. Calcium channel blockers demonstrated a disease severity-dependent association with the periodontal stage (= ). In addition, systemic medications for diabetes mellitus were associated with periodontal disease severity and rate of progression (all ).
This study provides indirect evidence of the association between systemic diseases and periodontitis. The positive association between medications used to treat diabetes and the severity and rate of progression of periodontitis may be due to the underlying disease rather than the medications .
背景/目的：关于牙周炎患者全身用药情况的信息有限。因此，这项回顾性横断面研究旨在利用哥斯达黎加大学牙科学院牙周病诊所患者数据库，分析牙周炎的严重程度和进展速度与全身用药之间的关系。
对根据《牙周和种植周疾病及状况分类（2017年）》诊断为牙周炎的患者的电子健康记录进行评估。根据严重程度（分期）和进展速度（分级）对个体进行进一步分类。从患者记录中提取的数据包括年龄、性别和自我报告的用药情况。
共纳入930份记录。研究人群大多为中年人（36 - 64岁）；43.01%为男性，56.99%为女性。457名患者（49.14%）报告因慢性疾病服用至少一种全身药物。关于牙周治疗阶段，62.37%的患者接受了第1 - 3步治疗，37.63%的患者接受了第4步治疗。服用最多的全身药物是用于心血管疾病的药物（42.28%），其次是用于糖尿病的药物（14.46%）和神经系统疾病的药物（14.46%）。大多数患者（59.35%）被诊断为III期牙周炎。B级（48.28%）最为普遍。钙通道阻滞剂与牙周分期呈疾病严重程度依赖性关联（= ）。此外，用于糖尿病的全身药物与牙周疾病严重程度和进展速度相关（均 ）。
本研究为全身疾病与牙周炎之间的关联提供了间接证据。用于治疗糖尿病的药物与牙周炎严重程度和进展速度之间的正相关可能是由于潜在疾病而非药物本身 。
