Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, People's Republic of China.
Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110002, People's Republic of China.
Int J Nanomedicine. 2024 Aug 12;19:8211-8236. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S479533. eCollection 2024.
Hypoxia, as a prominent feature of the tumor microenvironment, has a profound impact on the multicomponent changes within this environment. Under hypoxic conditions, the malignant phenotype of tumor cells, the variety of cell types within the tumor microenvironment, as well as intercellular communication and material exchange, undergo complex alterations. These changes provide significant prospects for exploring the mechanisms of tumor development under different microenvironmental conditions and for devising therapeutic strategies. Exosomes secreted by tumor cells and stromal cells are integral components of the tumor microenvironment, serving as crucial mediators of intercellular communication and material exchange, and have consequently garnered increasing attention from researchers. This review focuses on the mechanisms by which hypoxic conditions promote the release of exosomes by tumor cells and alter their encapsulated contents. It also examines the effects of exosomes derived from tumor cells, immune cells, and other cell types under hypoxic conditions on the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, we summarize current research progress on the potential clinical applications of exosomes under hypoxic conditions and propose future research directions in this field.
缺氧作为肿瘤微环境的一个显著特征，对该环境内多种成分的变化有着深远的影响。在缺氧条件下，肿瘤细胞的恶性表型、肿瘤微环境中细胞类型的多样性以及细胞间的通讯和物质交换都发生了复杂的改变。这些变化为探索不同微环境条件下肿瘤发生的机制以及设计治疗策略提供了重要的前景。肿瘤细胞和基质细胞分泌的外泌体是肿瘤微环境的组成部分，是细胞间通讯和物质交换的重要介质，因此受到了越来越多的关注。本综述重点讨论了缺氧条件促进肿瘤细胞释放外泌体并改变其包裹内容物的机制。还研究了缺氧条件下肿瘤细胞、免疫细胞和其他细胞类型来源的外泌体对肿瘤微环境的影响。此外，我们总结了目前关于缺氧条件下外泌体的潜在临床应用的研究进展，并提出了该领域未来的研究方向。
