Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Daru. 2024 Dec;32(2):825-899. doi: 10.1007/s40199-024-00530-1. Epub 2024 Aug 19.
The Ferluago W.D.J. Koch genus includes 48 accepted perennial herbs that are distributed in the Mediterranean region, Southeast Europe, Central and Middle East of Asia. These plants are widely used in folk and conventional medicine due to their biological benefits such as anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and immunomodulatory properties. Conducting a comprehensive review based on the structure activity relationships (SARs) of the coumarins, which has not been previously documented, can lead to a better insight into the genus Ferulago and its beneficial therapeutic activities.
This review covers literature from 1969 to 2023, were collected from various scientific electronic databases to review phytochemical, pharmacological, and ethnopharmacological data of Ferulago species, as well as latest information on the SAR of reported coumarins from this genus.
Phytochemical studies showed that the biological actions of this genus are mediated by the reported specialized metabolites, such as coumarins and flavonoids. Simple coumarins, prenylated coumarins, furanocoumarins, and pyranocoumarins are the largest subclasses of coumarins found in diverse Ferulago species, which have discussed the biological effects of them with a focus on the Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR). For example, prenylated coumarins have shown potential leishmanicidal and anti-neuropsychiatric effects when substituted with a prenyl group at the 7-hydroxy, as well as the C and C positions in their scaffold. Similarly, furanocoumarins exhibit varied biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, and anti-convulsant effects. Modifying substitutions at the C and C positions in furanocoumarins can enhance these activities.
This study conducted a comprehensive review of all available information on the phytochemical and pharmacological characteristics of Ferulago species. Given the high occurrence of coumarins in this genus, which exhibit potential anti-Alzheimer and anti-microbial properties, it presents promising new therapeutic avenues for addressing these common issues. Further investigation is needed to understand the molecular-level mechanisms of action and to explore their clinical applications.
Ferulago W.D.J. Koch 属包括 48 种已被接受的多年生草本植物，分布在地中海地区、东南欧、中亚和中东地区。由于其具有抗菌、抗炎、抗癌和免疫调节等生物益处，这些植物在民间和传统医学中被广泛使用。基于香豆素的构效关系（SARs）进行全面综述，这在以前是没有记录的，可以更好地了解 Ferulago 属及其有益的治疗活性。
本综述涵盖了 1969 年至 2023 年的文献，从各种科学电子数据库中收集 Ferulago 种的植物化学、药理学和民族药理学数据，以及该属报告香豆素的最新 SAR 信息。
植物化学研究表明，该属的生物作用是由报道的特殊代谢物介导的，如香豆素和类黄酮。简单香豆素、prenylated coumarins、呋喃香豆素和吡喃香豆素是在不同 Ferulago 种中发现的最大香豆素亚类，本文讨论了它们的生物效应，并重点介绍了结构-活性关系（SAR）。例如，prenylated coumarins 在 7-羟基和骨架的 C 和 C 位置上取代 prenyl 基团时，表现出潜在的杀利什曼原虫和抗神经精神疾病的作用。类似地，呋喃香豆素表现出多种生物活性，如抗炎、抗增殖和抗惊厥作用。在呋喃香豆素的 C 和 C 位置上进行修饰取代可以增强这些活性。
本研究对 Ferulago 种的植物化学和药理学特征的所有可用信息进行了全面综述。鉴于该属中香豆素的高发生率，具有潜在的抗阿尔茨海默病和抗菌特性，为解决这些常见问题提供了有前途的新治疗途径。需要进一步研究以了解其作用的分子水平机制，并探索其临床应用。
