Hedlund L W, Putman C E
Toxicol Ind Health. 1985 Oct;1(2):59-68. doi: 10.1177/074823378500100206.
Pulmonary edema appears to develop in three phases: after an initial injury to the lung, permeability of the air-blood barrier to water increases; a subsequent increase in movement of extra-vascular fluid; and finally, there is a significant increase in extravascular fluid volume (interstitial and alveolar). Ideally, early detection should monitor the initial phases of pulmonary edema, namely, the injury and the increased permeability. All established clinical and most of the research methods, however, monitor only the final or volume phase of the edema process. The chest radiograph is perhaps the most commonly used method for clinical detection of pulmonary edema, although it lacks the sensitivity for assessment of edema much before clinical signs are apparent. This paper reviews some of the clinical and research methods for detecting pulmonary edema with special emphasis on radiographic methods.
肺部最初受损后，气血屏障对水的通透性增加；随后血管外液移动增加；最后，血管外液体积（间质和肺泡）显著增加。理想情况下，早期检测应监测肺水肿的初始阶段，即损伤和通透性增加阶段。然而，所有已确立的临床方法以及大多数研究方法仅监测水肿过程的最后阶段或体积阶段。胸部X光片可能是临床上检测肺水肿最常用的方法，尽管在临床症状明显之前，它对水肿评估缺乏敏感性。本文回顾了一些检测肺水肿的临床和研究方法，特别强调了放射学方法。
