Bahekar Triveni, Meenakshi Sarasa, Narapaka Pavan Kumar, Kumar Nitesh, Prakash Ved, Murti Krishna
Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Vaishali, 844102, Bihar, India.
Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Vaishali-844102, Bihar, India.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2025 Apr;203(4):1909-1921. doi: 10.1007/s12011-024-04334-x. Epub 2024 Aug 20.
Fluoride exposure is a global public health concern. Understanding the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of affected populations is essential for effective community management. This study aimed to develop and validate a KAP questionnaire to assess fluoride and its risk in general population. An extensive literature review and focus group discussions were conducted to construct the questionnaire. Content validity was assessed using the Content Validity Index (CVI) based on expert feedback. Factor analysis was performed for final tool validation, and item characteristics were analyzed using IBM SPSS v. 27 and IBM AMOS v. 26. A total of 300 responses were collected. Initially, 41 items were included in the questionnaire, which were reduced to 25 after expert review. The final version included 19 items, with an I-CVI ranging from 0.80 to 1.00, indicating no issues with item difficulty or discrimination. Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.88 to 0.90, demonstrating good internal consistency. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) value was 0.848, and Bartlett's test (χ = 6860.978, df = 156, p < 0.01) confirmed data suitability for factor analysis. Three constructs were extracted with factor loadings greater than 0.5. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated a good model fit. This study developed and validated a robust 19-item KAP questionnaire for assessing knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to fluoride exposure. The tool demonstrated excellent reliability, validity, and internal consistency, supporting its use in guiding effective community-level management and public health interventions in fluoride-endemic areas.
氟暴露是一个全球公共卫生问题。了解受影响人群的知识、态度和行为（KAP）对于有效的社区管理至关重要。本研究旨在开发并验证一份KAP问卷，以评估普通人群中的氟及其风险。通过广泛的文献综述和焦点小组讨论来构建问卷。基于专家反馈，使用内容效度指数（CVI）评估内容效度。进行因子分析以进行最终工具验证，并使用IBM SPSS v. 27和IBM AMOS v. 26分析项目特征。共收集到300份回复。最初，问卷包含41个项目，经专家评审后减少至25个。最终版本包含19个项目，I-CVI范围为0.80至1.00，表明项目难度或区分度没有问题。克朗巴哈系数范围为0.88至0.90，显示出良好的内部一致性。Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin（KMO）值为0.848，Bartlett检验（χ = 6860.978，df = 156，p < 0.01）确认数据适合进行因子分析。提取了三个因子载荷大于0.5的结构。验证性因子分析表明模型拟合良好。本研究开发并验证了一份强大的19项KAP问卷，用于评估与氟暴露相关的知识、态度和行为。该工具显示出出色的信度、效度和内部一致性，支持其在指导氟病区有效的社区层面管理和公共卫生干预中的应用。
