Food Quality & Design Group, Wageningen University & Research, NL-6708 WG, the Netherlands; Department of Agricultural Sciences of the University of Naples "Federico II", Università 100, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy.
Food Quality & Design Group, Wageningen University & Research, NL-6708 WG, the Netherlands.
Brain Behav Immun. 2024 Nov;122:256-265. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.08.029. Epub 2024 Aug 18.
Psychobiotic bacteria are probiotics able to influence stress-related behavior, sleep, and cognitive outcomes. Several in vitro and human studies were performed to assess their physiological potential, to find strains having psychotropic activity in humans, and to elucidate the metabolic pathways involved. In our previous in vitro study, we identified two strains Levilactobacillus brevis P30021 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum P30025, able to produce GABA and acetylcholine, being promising candidates to provide an effect on mood and cognitive performance.
To investigate the effects of probiotics in the alleviation on the cognitive performance of moderately stressed healthy adults. Secondary outcomes were related to mood improvement, production of GABA, glutamate, acetylcholine, and choline and modification of the microbiota composition.
A 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study investigated the effects of a probiotic formulation (Levilactobacillus brevis P30021 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum P30025) on psychological, memory, and cognition parameters in 44 (Probiotic = 44, Placebo = 43) adults with a mean age of 29 ± 5.7 years old by CogState Battery test. Subjects-inclusion criteria was a mild-moderate (18.7 ± 4.06) stress upon diagnosis using the DASS-42 questionnaire.
Probiotic treatment had no effect on subjective stress measures. The probiotic formulation showed a significant beneficial effect on depressive symptoms by reducing cognitive reactivity to sad mood (p = 0.034). Rumination significantly improved after intake of the probiotic (p = 0.006), suggesting a potential benefit in reducing the negative cognitive effects associated with depression and improving overall mental health. When stratifying the treated subjects according to the response, we found an increase in the abundance of the probiotic genera in the gut microbiota of positive responders (p = 0.009 for Lactiplantibacillus and p = 0.004 for L.brevis). No relevant correlations were observed between the neurotransmitter concentration in the faecal sample, scores of LEIDS, DASS-42, and cognitive tests.
We highlight the potential of this probiotic preparation to act as psycobiotics for the relief of negative mood feelings. The assessment of the psychotropic effects of dietary interventions in human participants has many challenges. Further interventional studies investigating the effect of these psychobiotic bacteria in populations with stressed-related disorders are required including longer period of intervention and larger sample size in order to verify the effects of the treatment on further stress-related indicators.
益生菌是能够影响与应激相关的行为、睡眠和认知结果的益生菌。已经进行了几项体外和人体研究，以评估它们的生理潜力，寻找在人类中具有精神活性的菌株，并阐明涉及的代谢途径。在我们之前的体外研究中，我们鉴定出两种菌株，即短双歧杆菌 P30021 和植物乳杆菌 P30025，它们能够产生 GABA 和乙酰胆碱，是提供对情绪和认知表现影响的有希望的候选物。
研究益生菌在缓解中度应激健康成年人认知表现方面的作用。次要结果与改善情绪、GABA、谷氨酸、乙酰胆碱和胆碱的产生以及微生物群落组成的改变有关。
一项为期 12 周的随机、双盲、安慰剂对照、交叉研究，通过 CogState 电池测试，调查了益生菌配方（短双歧杆菌 P30021 和植物乳杆菌 P30025）对 44 名（益生菌=44，安慰剂=43）平均年龄 29±5.7 岁的成年人的心理、记忆和认知参数的影响。采用 DASS-42 问卷对受试者进行轻度至中度（18.7±4.06）应激诊断后，将其纳入研究。
益生菌治疗对主观应激测量没有影响。益生菌配方对抑郁症状有显著的有益影响，降低了对悲伤情绪的认知反应（p=0.034）。摄入益生菌后，沉思显著改善（p=0.006），这表明它可能有助于减轻与抑郁相关的负面认知影响，改善整体心理健康。当根据反应对治疗的受试者进行分层时，我们发现肠道微生物群中益生菌属的丰度增加（Lactiplantibacillus 为 p=0.009，L.brevis 为 p=0.004）。粪便样本中的神经递质浓度、LEIDS 评分、DASS-42 和认知测试之间没有观察到相关相关性。
我们强调了这种益生菌制剂作为缓解负面情绪的精神益生菌的潜力。评估膳食干预对人类参与者的精神作用具有许多挑战。需要进一步的干预研究，以调查这些精神益生菌细菌在应激相关障碍人群中的作用，包括更长的干预时间和更大的样本量，以验证治疗对进一步的应激相关指标的影响。
