Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
BMC Public Health. 2024 Aug 20;24(1):2260. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-19716-y.
Diabetes is a major public health problem in Qatar and is associated with an increased risk of depression. However, no study has been conducted in Qatar on the relationship between dietary patterns and depression symptoms in adults. The aim of this study was to assess the association between dietary patterns and depression symptoms among adults with or without diabetes in Qatar.
A total of 1000 participants from the Qatar Biobank (QBB) were included in this cross-sectional study. Food intake was assessed using a computer-administered food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and dietary patterns were identified using factor analysis. Depression symptoms were evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9).
Depression symptoms were present in 13.5% of the sample. Two dietary patterns were identified: "unhealthy" (high consumption of fast food, biryani, mixed dish (chicken/meat/fish), croissant) and "prudent" (high consumption of fresh fruit, salads/raw vegetables, canned/dried fruit, and dates). After adjusting for sociodemographic, lifestyle factors (smoking and physical activity), diabetes and medication use for diabetes and hypertension, a high intake of "unhealthy" pattern was associated with an increased prevalence of depressive symptoms in individuals with diabetes (prevalence ratio, PR = 1.41; 95% CI = 1.28, 1.56; p-value < 0.001), while there was no statistically significant association between depressive symptoms and the "prudent" dietary pattern. The "prudent" pattern was inversely and significantly associated with depressive symptoms in individuals with a normal body weight (PR = 0.21; 95% CI = 0.06, 0.76; p-value = 0.018).
The "unhealthy" dietary pattern was positively associated with depression symptoms in those with diabetes, whereas the "prudent" dietary pattern was inversely associated with depression symptoms in those with a normal body weight. Promoting healthy eating habits should be considered in the prevention and management of depression.
糖尿病是卡塔尔的一个主要公共卫生问题，与抑郁风险增加有关。然而，卡塔尔尚未针对成年人的饮食模式与抑郁症状之间的关系进行研究。本研究旨在评估在卡塔尔有或没有糖尿病的成年人中，饮食模式与抑郁症状之间的关联。
本横断面研究纳入了来自卡塔尔生物库（QBB）的 1000 名参与者。使用计算机管理的食物频率问卷（FFQ）评估食物摄入量，并通过因子分析确定饮食模式。使用患者健康问卷-9（PHQ-9）评估抑郁症状。
在该样本中，13.5%的人存在抑郁症状。确定了两种饮食模式：“不健康”（快餐、炒饭、混合菜肴（鸡肉/肉/鱼）、羊角面包摄入较高）和“谨慎”（新鲜水果、沙拉/生蔬菜、罐装/干果、枣摄入较高）。在调整了社会人口统计学、生活方式因素（吸烟和体力活动）、糖尿病以及糖尿病和高血压药物的使用后，高“不健康”模式的摄入与糖尿病患者中抑郁症状的患病率增加相关（患病率比，PR=1.41；95%置信区间，CI=1.28，1.56；p 值<0.001），而“谨慎”饮食模式与抑郁症状之间没有统计学上的显著关联。在体重正常的个体中，“谨慎”模式与抑郁症状呈显著负相关（PR=0.21；95%CI=0.06，0.76；p 值=0.018）。
“不健康”饮食模式与糖尿病患者的抑郁症状呈正相关，而“谨慎”饮食模式与体重正常患者的抑郁症状呈负相关。应考虑促进健康的饮食习惯，以预防和管理抑郁。
