CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Nutrients. 2021 Mar 23;13(3):1034. doi: 10.3390/nu13031034.
Our aim was to assess the association between defined dietary patterns and incident depressive symptoms. We used data from The Maastricht Study, a population-based cohort study ( = 2646, mean (SD) age 59.9 (8.0) years, 49.5% women; 15,188 person-years of follow-up). Level of adherence to the Dutch Healthy Diet (DHD), Mediterranean Diet, and Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension (DASH) were derived from a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire. Depressive symptoms were assessed at baseline and annually over seven-year-follow-up (using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire). We used Cox proportional hazards regression analyses to assess the association between dietary patterns and depressive symptoms. One standard deviation (SD) higher adherence in the DHD and DASH was associated with a lower hazard ratio (HR) of depressive symptoms with HRs (95%CI) of 0.78 (0.69-0.89) and 0.87 (0.77-0.98), respectively, after adjustment for sociodemographic and cardiovascular risk factors. After further adjustment for lifestyle factors, the HR per one SD higher DHD was 0.83 (0.73-0.96), whereas adherence to Mediterranean and DASH diets was not associated with incident depressive symptoms. Higher adherence to the DHD lowered risk of incident depressive symptoms. Adherence to healthy diet could be an effective non-pharmacological preventive measure to reduce the incidence of depression.
我们的目的是评估特定饮食模式与新发抑郁症状之间的关联。我们使用了马斯特里赫特研究（Maastricht Study）的数据，这是一项基于人群的队列研究（=2646 人，平均（SD）年龄 59.9（8.0）岁，49.5%为女性；随访 15188 人年）。荷兰健康饮食（Dutch Healthy Diet，DHD）、地中海饮食和停止高血压膳食方法（Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension，DASH）的依从程度是根据经过验证的食物频率问卷得出的。抑郁症状在基线和 7 年随访期间每年评估（使用 9 项患者健康问卷）。我们使用 Cox 比例风险回归分析评估饮食模式与抑郁症状之间的关联。DHD 和 DASH 的依从性每增加一个标准差（SD），与抑郁症状的风险比（hazard ratio，HR）降低相关，HR（95%CI）分别为 0.78（0.69-0.89）和 0.87（0.77-0.98），校正社会人口学和心血管危险因素后。进一步校正生活方式因素后，DHD 每增加一个 SD 的 HR 为 0.83（0.73-0.96），而地中海和 DASH 饮食的依从性与新发抑郁症状无关。DHD 的依从性越高，新发抑郁症状的风险越低。较高的 DHD 依从性降低了新发抑郁症状的风险。遵循健康饮食可能是一种有效的非药物预防措施，可降低抑郁的发病率。
