Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. 2024 Sep;23(5):e13431. doi: 10.1111/1541-4337.13431.
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are an evolutionarily significant advantage bestowed by mothers for facilitating the development of the infant's gut microbiota. They can avoid absorption in the stomach and small intestine, reaching the colon successfully, where they engage in close interactions with gut microbes. This process also enables HMOs to exert additional prebiotic effects, including regulating the mucus layer, promoting physical growth and brain development, as well as preventing and mitigating conditions such as NEC, allergies, and diarrhea. Here, we comprehensively review the primary ways by which gut microbiota, including Bifidobacteria and other genera, utilize HMOs, and we classify them into five central pathways. Furthermore, we emphasize the metabolic benefits of bacteria consuming HMOs, particularly the recently identified intrinsic link between HMOs and the metabolic conversion of tryptophan to indole and its derivatives. We also examine the extensive probiotic roles of HMOs and their recent research advancements, specifically concentrating on the unsummarized role of HMOs in regulating the mucus layer, where their interaction with the gut microbiota becomes crucial. Additionally, we delve into the principal tools used for functional mining of new HMOs. In conclusion, our study presents a thorough analysis of the interaction mechanism between HMOs and gut microbiota, emphasizing the cooperative utilization of HMOs by gut microbiota, and provides an overview of the subsequent probiotic effects of this interaction. This review provides new insights into the interaction of HMOs with the gut microbiota, which will inform the mechanisms by which HMOs function.
人乳寡糖（HMOs）是母亲赋予婴儿的一种具有进化意义的优势，有助于婴儿肠道微生物群的发育。它们可以避免在胃和小肠中被吸收，成功到达结肠，在那里与肠道微生物密切相互作用。这个过程还使 HMOs 能够发挥额外的益生元作用，包括调节黏液层，促进身体生长和大脑发育，以及预防和减轻 NEC、过敏和腹泻等疾病。在这里，我们全面回顾了肠道微生物群（包括双歧杆菌和其他属）利用 HMOs 的主要方式，并将其分为五个中心途径。此外，我们强调了细菌消耗 HMOs 的代谢益处，特别是最近发现的 HMOs 与色氨酸代谢转化为吲哚及其衍生物之间的内在联系。我们还研究了 HMOs 的广泛益生菌作用及其最近的研究进展，特别关注 HMOs 在调节黏液层方面的未总结作用，在这方面，它们与肠道微生物群的相互作用至关重要。此外，我们还研究了用于功能挖掘新 HMOs 的主要工具。总之，我们的研究对 HMOs 与肠道微生物群之间的相互作用机制进行了全面分析，强调了肠道微生物群对 HMOs 的协同利用，并概述了这种相互作用的后续益生菌效应。本综述为 HMOs 与肠道微生物群的相互作用提供了新的见解，将为 HMOs 发挥作用的机制提供信息。
