Razzaq Amar, Shahbaz Pomi, Haq Shamsheer Ul, Zhou Yewang, Erfanian Sahar, Abbas Azhar
Business School, Huanggang Normal University, No. 146, Xinggang 2nd Road, City Development Zone, Huanggang, 438000, China.
Department of Economics, Division of Management and Administrative Science, University of Education, Lahore, 54770, Pakistan.
Heliyon. 2024 Jul 31;10(15):e35348. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35348. eCollection 2024 Aug 15.
The Global Value Chain (GVC) is an essential aspect of sustainable economic growth and environmental quality in countries that participate in it. Therefore, comprehending the relationship between GVC and economic growth and carbon emissions is critical to achieving global climate neutrality targets. However, there is a paucity of knowledge regarding the impacts of disaggregated levels of GVC on economic growth and carbon emissions in countries with different income levels. In this study, we utilized the SYS-GMM model to explore the relationships between backward and forward GVCs and the economic growth and carbon emissions of 42 lower-middle, 36 middle-upper, and 48 high-income countries using data from 1995 to 2018. Our key findings suggest that forward GVC significantly increases economic growth and reduces CO emissions. Conversely, backward GVC reduces the economic growth and CO emissions of high-income countries. We also found that upper-middle-income economies can enhance their economic growth and reduce CO emissions by increasing their backward GVC. In contrast, lower-middle-income economies can increase their economic growth by participating in both forward and backward GVCs. However, higher levels of participation in both GVC components result in increased CO emissions. Our findings emphasize the importance of considering income levels when analysing the impact of GVC participation on economic growth and environmental sustainability. Overall, the relationship between economic growth and CO emissions with backward and forward GVCs varies significantly across country categories.
全球价值链（GVC）对于参与其中的国家实现可持续经济增长和环境质量改善至关重要。因此，理解全球价值链与经济增长及碳排放之间的关系对于实现全球气候中和目标至关重要。然而，关于不同收入水平国家中全球价值链细分层面对于经济增长和碳排放的影响，我们所知甚少。在本研究中，我们运用系统广义矩估计模型（SYS-GMM），利用1995年至2018年的数据，探究了42个中低收入国家、36个中高收入国家和48个高收入国家的后向和前向全球价值链与经济增长及碳排放之间的关系。我们的主要研究结果表明，前向全球价值链显著促进经济增长并减少碳排放。相反，后向全球价值链降低了高收入国家的经济增长和碳排放。我们还发现，中高收入经济体可以通过增加其后向全球价值链来促进经济增长并减少碳排放。相比之下，中低收入经济体可以通过同时参与前向和后向全球价值链来促进经济增长。然而，更高程度地参与这两种全球价值链组成部分会导致碳排放增加。我们的研究结果强调了在分析全球价值链参与对经济增长和环境可持续性的影响时考虑收入水平的重要性。总体而言，不同国家类别中，经济增长和碳排放与后向和前向全球价值链之间的关系存在显著差异。
