Postgraduate Program in Economics, Federal University of Alagoas, FEAC-UFAL, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, S/N, Tabuleiro do Martins, Maceió - AL, 57072-970, Brazil.
Faculty of Economics, Administration, and Accounting, Federal University of Alagoas, FEAC-UFAL, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, S/N, Tabuleiro do Martins, Maceió - AL, 57072-970, Brazil.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2024 Sep;31(45):56660-56684. doi: 10.1007/s11356-024-34878-3. Epub 2024 Sep 16.
Global Value Chains (GVCs) significantly influence international trade and environmental outcomes. Despite the economic benefits of GVCs, their impact on the environment remains under-examined. This study analyzes the effects of GVC participation (considering forward and backward positions) on total carbon emissions embodied in exports (TEEE) and imports (TEEI). Utilizing panel data from 65 economies spanning 1995 to 2018, we apply input-output matrices and the system generalized method of moments (GMM-SYS) approach. Our results indicate that GVC participation generally is associated with reductions in TEEI and increases in TEEE, with backward participation exerting a more substantial impact. Furthermore, we observed asymmetrical impacts of GVC participation between developed and developing countries. Developed nations tend to reap greater benefits from GVC in terms of diminished CO2 emissions associated with imports, as well as notable CO2 reductions in both exports and imports, particularly when forward participation is the focal point. Conversely, developing countries grapple with heightened environmental burdens stemming from their engagement in backward linkages.
全球价值链（GVCs）对国际贸易和环境结果有重大影响。尽管 GVC 带来了经济利益，但它们对环境的影响仍未得到充分研究。本研究分析了 GVC 参与（考虑前向和后向位置）对出口（TEEE）和进口（TEEI）中包含的总碳排放量的影响。我们利用了 1995 年至 2018 年 65 个经济体的面板数据，应用投入产出矩阵和系统广义矩估计方法（GMM-SYS）。结果表明，GVC 参与通常与 TEEI 的减少和 TEEE 的增加有关，后向参与的影响更大。此外，我们观察到 GVC 参与在发达国家和发展中国家之间存在不对称影响。发达国家在进口方面与二氧化碳排放相关的收益更大，出口和进口的二氧化碳减排也更为显著，特别是当关注前向参与时。相比之下，发展中国家则面临因参与后向联系而带来的更高环境负担。
