An updated and comprehensive review of the morphology, ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activity of L. f.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE

Aster tataricus L.f., an extensively used herb in traditional Chinese medicine for more than 2000 years, is known as "Zi wan" or "Fan huncao". Its dried root and rhizome hold great promise in the treatment of cough, asthma, tumor, inflammation, etc.: This literature review summarizes the morphology characteristics, ethnopharmacological use, phytochemical properties, pharmacological effects, and potential applications of . Furthermore, this review will discuss the future research trends and development prospects of this plant.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Using " L.f.", "Traditional medicinal usage", "Phytochemistry", "Pharmacological effects" as the keywords and gathered relevant data on L.f. using electronic databases (Elsevier, PubMed, ACS, CNKI, Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar, Web of Science), relevant books, and classic literature about Chinese herb.

RESULT

A total of 186 compounds have been isolated and identified from , including terpenes, organic acids, peptides, and flavonoids. And has been widely used as a natural cough suppressant and has anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-depressive, and anti-tumor effects. In addition, has also been reported to have damaging effects on the liver as well as other toxicities were discussed in this review.

CONCLUSIONS

is an ancient herbal medicine with a broad spectrum of pharmaco logical activities that has been used for thousands of years in China, and has shown remarkable effectiveness in the treatment of various diseases, especially cough, asthma, inflammation. Although its rich chemical constituents have various pharmacological activities, the underlying mechanisms, as well as its toxicity and safety, remains unclear and warrant further investigation.