Zeng Jia, Huang Songya, DU Fangxue, Cao Sujiao, Gao Yang, Qiu Li, Tang Yuanjiao
- （ 610200） Department of Ultrasound, The First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu & West China (Airport) Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610200, China.
Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2024 Jul 20;55(4):800-806. doi: 10.12182/20240760105.
Nanozymes are nanoscale materials with enzyme-mimicking catalytic properties. Nanozymes can mimic the mechanism of natural enzyme molecules. By means of advanced chemical synthesis technology, the size, shape, and surface characteristics of nanozymes can be accurately regulated, and their catalytic properties can be customized according to the specific need. Nanozymes can mimic the function of natural enzymes, including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS). Reported findings have shown that nanozymes have the advantages of excellent stability, low cost, and adjustable catalytic activity, thereby showing great potential and broad prospects in the application of disease treatment. Herein, we reviewed the advances in the application of nanozymes in the treatment of joint diseases. The common clinical manifestations of joint diseases include joint pain, swelling, stiffness, and limited mobility. In severe cases, joint diseases may lead to joint destruction, deformity, and functional damage, entailing crippling socioeconomic burdens. ROS is a product of oxidative stress. Increased ROS in the joints can induce macrophage M1 type polarization, which in turn induces and aggravates arthritis. Therefore, the key to the treatment of joint diseases lies in ROS scavenging and increasing oxygen (O) content. Nanozymes have demonstrated promising application potential in the treatment of joint diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and gouty arthritis. However, how to ensure their biosafety, reduce the toxicity, and increase enzyme activity remains the main challenge in current research. Precise control of the chemical composition, size, shape, and surface modification of nanomaterials is the main development direction for the future.
纳米酶是具有类酶催化特性的纳米级材料。纳米酶可以模拟天然酶分子的作用机制。借助先进的化学合成技术，可以精确调控纳米酶的尺寸、形状和表面特性，并可根据具体需求定制其催化性能。纳米酶可以模拟天然酶的功能，包括过氧化氢酶（CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx），以清除活性氧（ROS）。已报道的研究结果表明，纳米酶具有稳定性优异、成本低和催化活性可调节等优点，因此在疾病治疗应用中显示出巨大潜力和广阔前景。在此，我们综述了纳米酶在关节疾病治疗中的应用进展。关节疾病的常见临床表现包括关节疼痛、肿胀、僵硬和活动受限。在严重情况下，关节疾病可能导致关节破坏、畸形和功能损害，带来严重的社会经济负担。ROS是氧化应激的产物。关节中ROS增加可诱导巨噬细胞M1型极化，进而诱导和加重关节炎。因此，关节疾病治疗的关键在于清除ROS和增加氧（O）含量。纳米酶在类风湿性关节炎、骨关节炎和痛风性关节炎等关节疾病的治疗中已显示出有前景的应用潜力。然而，如何确保其生物安全性、降低毒性并提高酶活性仍然是当前研究的主要挑战。精确控制纳米材料的化学成分、尺寸、形状和表面修饰是未来的主要发展方向。
