Biswas Subrato, Masum Md Abdul, Sarkar Sujan Kumar, Saud Basant, Akter Rupa, Islam K B M Saiful, Karim Shah Jungy Ibna, Rahman Md Mostafizur, Golbar Hossain M, Alam Md Emtiaj, Islam Md Akhtarul, Begum Maksuda, Rahman Mohammad Musfiqur, Ichii Osamu, Kon Yasuhiro
Department of Anatomy, Histology & Physiology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh.
Department of Medicine & Public Health, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh.
Heliyon. 2024 Jul 20;10(15):e34819. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34819. eCollection 2024 Aug 15.
Salinity intrusion into the freshwater system due to climate change and anthropogenic activities is a growing global concern, which has made humans and domesticated animals more susceptible to diseases, resulting in less productivity. However, the effects of salinity on domesticated and wild birds, especially in terms of production and immunity, have not been fully elucidated yet. Therefore, this study was designed to examine the effects of salinity on the production and immunity of birds and the mechanisms by which immunity is compromised. Broiler chicks were subjected to different concentrations of salty water (control = normal water, treatment = 5 g/L, treatment = 10 g/L, and treatment = 15 g/L). The collected blood and organs from different groups of broilers were biochemically and histopathologically examined. Birds in salt-treated groups consumed significantly less feed than the control group, while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly higher. Body weight gain was significantly lower in salt-treated groups compared to control. Serum analysis revealed a lower systemic antibody titer in the salt-treated groups compared to the control. Primary lymphoid organs (thymus and bursa of Fabricius) were reduced in size in the salt-treated group due to cellular migration and depletion from these organs. Importantly, most of the parenchyma of lymphoid organs was replaced with fibrotic tissue. Gut microbes, and spp from salt-treated groups, showed less viability but developed antibiotic resistance. Levels of salinity were significantly and negatively correlated with feed intake, body weight gain, antibody titer, lymphoid organ size, and viable count of gut microbes, while FCR, fibrosis of lymphoid organs, and antibiotic resistance were significant positively correlated. In conclusion, increased salinity is a possible threat to food security and safety as it decreases body weight gain, reduces immunity, and influences the development of multi-drug resistance in gut microbes.
由于气候变化和人类活动导致盐分侵入淡水系统，这一问题日益引起全球关注，它使人类和家畜更容易感染疾病，导致生产力下降。然而，盐分对家养和野生鸟类的影响，特别是在生产和免疫方面，尚未得到充分阐明。因此，本研究旨在探讨盐分对鸟类生产和免疫的影响以及免疫受损的机制。将肉鸡雏鸡置于不同浓度的盐水中（对照组 = 正常水，处理组 = 5 g/L，处理组 = 10 g/L，处理组 = 15 g/L）。对不同组肉鸡采集的血液和器官进行生化和组织病理学检查。盐处理组的鸟类采食量明显低于对照组，而饲料转化率（FCR）则明显更高。与对照组相比，盐处理组的体重增加明显更低。血清分析显示，盐处理组的全身抗体滴度低于对照组。由于细胞迁移和这些器官中的细胞耗竭，盐处理组的初级淋巴器官（胸腺和法氏囊）尺寸减小。重要的是，淋巴器官的大部分实质被纤维组织取代。盐处理组的肠道微生物以及 和 属的微生物活力较低，但产生了抗生素抗性。盐度水平与采食量、体重增加、抗体滴度、淋巴器官大小和肠道微生物活菌数显著负相关，而FCR、淋巴器官纤维化和抗生素抗性则显著正相关。总之，盐度增加可能对粮食安全构成威胁，因为它会降低体重增加量、降低免疫力并影响肠道微生物中多重耐药性的发展。
