Environment and Life Sciences Research Center (ELSRC), Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
Front Immunol. 2020 Aug 14;11:1735. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01735. eCollection 2020.
The current study aimed to investigate the effect of different dietary supplemental oils on the immune status of broilers. One-day-old Cobb 500 broiler chicks were randomly distributed into eight batteries and fed eight experimental diets. There were 680 broilers, 85 birds per battery. The experimental oils were all used at 10% of the total diet. Each dietary treatment (TRT) contained one of the following essential oils: TRT 1 = control group that received a basal diet + soybean oil (SO); TRT 2 = basal diet as in TRT 1 + sunflower oil (SFO); TRT 3 = basal diet as in TRT 1 + canola oil (CO); TRT 4 = basal diet as in TRT 1 + flaxseed oil (FLO); TRT 5 = basal diet as in TRT 1 + fish oil (FO); TRT 6 = basal diet as in TRT 1 + mix of fish oil and soya oil (SO + FO); TRT 7 = basal diet as in TRT 1 + algal biomass oil (DHA); TRT 8 = basal diet as in TRT 1 + echium oil (EO). All samples were taken from 10 birds per treatment ( = 10). The immune parameters investigated involved measurement of weights of immune organs as a general indicator, hemocytometric measurements, intestinal microbial count and hindgut acidosis, hindgut volatile fatty acids, and cellular immune response using phytohemagglutinin test. The use of the different dietary treatments did not affect the general health status of the chickens, and the mortality was minimal with no signs of illness or outbreaks. The fact that both the control and the treatment diets were equally consumed would indicate that supplemental oil inclusions did not adversely affect the palatability of the diet by the chickens. At 3 weeks of age, there was no significant effect observed in the microbial counts of the intestine. However, at 5 weeks of age, the highest microbial count was significantly observed for broilers fed EO (7.30%), closely followed by SFO (6.95%), and the least microbial counts were observed for CO (5.63%). No significance was observed for lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and . There was no significance observed for the effect of the dietary treatments on the hindgut volatile acid in the broilers. Wattle swelling changes were significant between dietary treatments. The results revealed that dietary FLO, FO, and DHA oils induced higher cellular response than the other treatments ( = 0.035), representing higher cellular response in these groups. In conclusion, supplemental oils rich in n-3 fatty acids may enhance the immune response in broiler chickens, represented by the intestinal microbial counts and the cellular immune response.
本研究旨在探讨不同饲用油脂对肉鸡免疫状态的影响。选用 1 日龄科宝 500 肉鸡，随机分为 8 个电池，饲喂 8 种实验日粮。共有 680 只肉鸡，每个电池 85 只。实验用油均占日粮的 10%。每个日粮处理（TRT）含有以下一种必需油：TRT1=对照组，接受基础日粮+大豆油（SO）；TRT2=TRT1 中的基础日粮+葵花籽油（SFO）；TRT3=TRT1 中的基础日粮+菜籽油（CO）；TRT4=TRT1 中的基础日粮+亚麻籽油（FLO）；TRT5=TRT1 中的基础日粮+鱼油（FO）；TRT6=TRT1 中的基础日粮+鱼油和大豆油的混合物（SO+FO）；TRT7=TRT1 中的基础日粮+藻油（DHA）；TRT8=TRT1 中的基础日粮+刺山柑油（EO）。每个处理组取 10 只鸡的所有样本（=10）。所研究的免疫参数包括免疫器官重量作为一般指标的测量、血液学测量、肠道微生物计数和后肠酸中毒、后肠挥发性脂肪酸以及使用植物血凝素试验的细胞免疫反应。不同日粮处理的使用并未影响鸡的一般健康状况，死亡率最低，没有疾病或疫情迹象。控制组和处理组日粮的等量消耗表明，补充油的添加并没有通过鸡的适口性对日粮产生不利影响。在 3 周龄时，肠道微生物计数没有观察到显著影响。然而，在 5 周龄时，饲喂 EO（7.30%）的肉鸡观察到最高的微生物计数，其次是 SFO（6.95%），而 CO（5.63%）的微生物计数最低。乳酸菌（LAB）和. 没有观察到日粮处理对肉鸡后肠挥发性酸的影响。鸡冠肿胀变化在日粮处理之间有显著差异。结果表明，日粮 FLO、FO 和 DHA 油诱导了比其他处理更高的细胞反应（=0.035），代表这些组中的更高的细胞反应。总之，富含 n-3 脂肪酸的补充油可能增强肉鸡的免疫反应，以肠道微生物计数和细胞免疫反应为代表。
