Gillian K. SteelFisher, PhD, MSc, is Principal Research Scientist and Director of Global Polling; Mary G. Findling, PhD, ScM, is Assistant Director; Hannah L. Caporello is Senior Research Projects Manager; and Rebekah I. Stein is a Research Assistant, Harvard Opinion Research Program; all in the Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Keri M. Lubell, PhD, is a Behavioral Scientist, and Lindsay A. Lane, MPH, is a Health Communications Specialist, Center for Preparedness and Response; and Allison M. Fisher, MPH, is a Health Communications Specialist, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases; all at the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Alyssa Boyea, MPH, CPH, is Director, Infectious Disease Preparedness, Association of State and Territorial Health Officials, Arlington, VA. Laura Espino is Program Director, National Public Health Information Coalition, Canton, GA. Jazmyne Sutton, PhD, is Research Director, SSRS, Glen Mills, PA.
Health Secur. 2024 Aug;22(4):311-323. doi: 10.1089/hs.2023.0136.
The enduring spread of COVID-19 and other respiratory viruses highlights a need for greater focus on long-term public willingness to perform protective behaviors. Although COVID-19 is no longer considered a public health emergency of international concern, it is unknown whether people in the United States plan to continue protective behaviors to protect themselves and others against infection. To inform planning and communications, we used a nationally representative survey of 1,936 US adults to examine attitudes and intentions toward future vaccination and mask-wearing. A majority believed COVID-19 vaccines were safe (73%) and effective in protecting against serious illness (72%). One-third (33%) had strong intentions to get an updated COVID-19 vaccine most years in the future. Among those with weaker intentions (n=1,287), many cited concerns about safety (71%) and efficacy (64%), lack of trust in institutions (64%), or beliefs that prior vaccination or infection protected them (62%). Approximately two-thirds (69%) of respondents believed masks were effective in protecting the wearer from getting COVID-19, and a majority appeared moderately receptive to future public mask-wearing, particularly when there was proximate risk of infection from COVID-19 (67%) or other respiratory viruses (59%). Men, non-Hispanic White adults, younger adults, rural residents, and adults with higher incomes, without college degrees, and without serious medical conditions or physical limitations were more likely to indicate resistance toward future COVID-19 vaccination and/or mask-wearing. Findings support tailored messaging to address concerns and opportunities among different populations, as well as support for communications programs and community engagement to motivate future uptake.
COVID-19 和其他呼吸道病毒的持续传播突出表明，需要更加关注人们长期执行防护行为的意愿。尽管 COVID-19 不再被视为国际关注的突发公共卫生事件，但尚不清楚美国民众是否计划继续采取防护措施，以防止自身和他人感染。为了提供规划和沟通方面的信息，我们使用了一项针对 1936 名美国成年人的全国代表性调查，以研究他们对未来接种疫苗和戴口罩的态度和意图。大多数人认为 COVID-19 疫苗是安全的（73%），可以有效预防重症（72%）。三分之一（33%）的人强烈打算在未来的大多数年份定期接种更新的 COVID-19 疫苗。在那些接种意愿较弱的人群中（n=1287），许多人表示担心疫苗的安全性（71%）和有效性（64%）、对机构的信任度（64%），或认为之前的接种或感染已经保护了他们（62%）。大约三分之二（69%）的受访者认为口罩可以有效保护佩戴者免受 COVID-19 感染，大多数人似乎比较愿意在未来佩戴口罩，尤其是在有 COVID-19 或其他呼吸道病毒感染风险（67%）或附近有风险（59%）时。男性、非西班牙裔白人成年人、年轻成年人、农村居民、收入较高、没有大学学历、没有严重疾病或身体限制的成年人更有可能表示对未来 COVID-19 疫苗接种和/或戴口罩的抵制。研究结果支持针对不同人群的个性化信息传递，以解决他们的关切和机遇，并支持沟通方案和社区参与，以激励未来的疫苗接种率。
