University of Navarra, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Pamplona, Spain.
University of Navarra, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Biomedical Research Centre Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2024 Oct;63:796-804. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.08.006. Epub 2024 Aug 21.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: The double burden of malnutrition compels us to reconsider macronutrients from a diet quality perspective. The Macronutrient Quality Index (MQI) has been designed to reflect overall macronutrient quality and is based on three sub-indexes: the carbohydrate quality index (CQI), the healthy plate protein quality index (HPPQI) and the fat quality index (FQI). Nutritional adequacy is an essential aspect of diet quality that should be captured by reliable dietary indexes.
We analyzed the association between the Macronutrient Quality Index (MQI) and micronutrient adequacy. Participants were children aged 4 and 5 years, recruited in the SENDO cohort. Baseline information was collected through a self-administered online questionnaire, which included information on sociodemographic, dietary, and lifestyle variables. Dietary information was obtained using a 147-item validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Participants were categorized into tertiles based on their MQI score. We evaluated the intake of 20 micronutrients and assessed the probability of micronutrient adequacy using the Estimated Average Requirement cut-off point.
Children in the highest tertile of MQI had 0.33-fold lower odds (95%CI 0.17-0.66) of having ≥3 inadequate micronutrient intakes than their peers in the lowest tertile, after adjusting for potential confounders. The adjusted proportions of children with inadequate intake of ≥3 micronutrients were 18%, 14% and 11% in the first, second, and third tertiles of MQI respectively. The MQI appears to be capable of capturing nutrient adequacy in children, although our results suggest that a modified MQI, with eggs and dairy products weighted positively, might be more adequate for the pediatric population.
营养不良的双重负担迫使我们从饮食质量的角度重新考虑宏量营养素。宏量营养素质量指数（MQI）旨在反映整体宏量营养素质量，基于三个子指数：碳水化合物质量指数（CQI）、健康餐盘蛋白质质量指数（HPPQI）和脂肪质量指数（FQI）。营养充足是饮食质量的一个重要方面，应该通过可靠的饮食指数来捕捉。
我们分析了宏量营养素质量指数（MQI）与微量营养素充足性的关联。参与者为年龄在 4 至 5 岁的 SENDO 队列儿童。基线信息通过在线自我管理问卷收集，其中包括社会人口统计学、饮食和生活方式变量的信息。饮食信息通过经过验证的 147 项半定量食物频率问卷获得。根据 MQI 得分将参与者分为三分位组。我们评估了 20 种微量营养素的摄入量，并使用估计平均需求量的截止值评估微量营养素充足性的概率。
在调整了潜在混杂因素后，MQI 最高三分位组的儿童与最低三分位组相比，有≥3 种微量营养素摄入不足的可能性低 0.33 倍（95%CI 0.17-0.66）。在第一、第二和第三 MQI 三分位组中，有≥3 种微量营养素摄入不足的儿童的调整比例分别为 18%、14%和 11%。MQI 似乎能够捕捉儿童的营养充足性，尽管我们的结果表明，对于儿科人群，一种经过修正的 MQI，将鸡蛋和奶制品的权重设为正值，可能更为合适。
