Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia.
University Veterinary Hospital, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia.
Open Vet J. 2024 Sep;14(9):2463-2474. doi: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i9.35. Epub 2024 Sep 30.
Although blood urine is frequently observed in dromedary camels, little attention is gained and only it was reported as case reports.
This study was carried out to examine dromedary camels suffering from red urine syndrome from the points of clinical, etiological, hematobiochemical, ultrasonographic, and pathological characteristics.
Thirty-one camels with red urine and fifteen controls were enrolled. With a duration ranging from five days to nine months, clinical manifestations included weakness, red discoloration of the urine, dribbling of urine, straining during urination, and abdominal pain. Blood was sampled in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and plain tubes.
The urine red color intensity was marked in 23 camels. In five camels discolored red urine was moderate while red urine was voided intermittently in the remaining three camels. The wide stance of the hind legs and pain reactions during urination were recorded in 18 camels. In all 31 camels, urine samples were centrifuged and sedimentation of red deposits was found. Nephrolithiasis was detected in three animals. One female camel had bilateral hydronephrosis. Hyperechoic urine was imaged within the renal pelvis in seven camels. In addition, hypoechoic fluid was imaged within the peritoneal cavity in 8 animals. A ruptured and collapsed urinary bladder was found in two male camels. In addition, bilateral pyelonephritis was found in another male camel. Abscessation of the left and right kidneys confirmed by ultrasound-guided aspiration was confirmed in 3 and 2 females, respectively. Peri-renal abscessation of the right kidney was detected in a female camel. A large, misshaped hypoechoic mass involving the right kidney was found in 1 female. A large mass king neoplasia was also imaged in a female camel distal to and compressing the left kidney, which proved histologically to be a leiomyoma. Moderate to severe thickening and corrugation of the urinary bladder mucosa were detected in 18 of the diseased camels.
This study's syndrome of red urine in camels resulted mainly from hematuria. The existing etiologies were nephrolithiasis, cystitis, pyelonephritis, peri-renal and renal abscessation, and renal neoplasia. Ultrasonography was superior in assessing the renal parenchyma and urinary bladder for the verification of the existing nephrolithiasis, hydronephrosis, pyelonephritis, peri-renal and renal abscessation, cystitis, and ruptured or perforated bladder.
尽管单峰驼经常出现血尿，但人们对此关注甚少，仅将其作为病例报告进行了报道。
本研究旨在从临床、病因学、血液生化学、超声和病理学特征方面，研究患有血尿综合征的单峰驼。
31 头有血尿症状的骆驼和 15 头对照骆驼纳入本研究。临床症状表现为虚弱、尿液变红、尿淋漓、排尿困难和腹痛，病程 5 天至 9 个月不等。采集乙二胺四乙酸管和普通管血液样本。
23 头骆驼尿液红色强度明显，5 头骆驼尿液呈中度红色，3 头骆驼间歇性排出红色尿液。18 头骆驼出现后腿宽站距和排尿疼痛反应。31 头骆驼尿液样本均经离心处理，发现有红色沉淀物。3 头骆驼存在肾结石，1 头雌性骆驼双侧肾盂积水，7 头骆驼肾盂内可见高回声尿液，8 头骆驼腹腔内可见低回声液体。2 头雄性骆驼的膀胱破裂并塌陷，另 1 头雄性骆驼双侧肾盂肾炎。3 头和 2 头雌性骆驼分别经超声引导抽吸证实为左、右肾脓肿，1 头雌性骆驼右肾周围脓肿，1 头雌性骆驼右肾有一个大而畸形的低回声肿块，累及右肾，组织学检查证实为平滑肌瘤，另 1 头雌性骆驼左肾受压有一个大的恶性肿瘤。18 头患病骆驼的膀胱黏膜有不同程度的增厚和皱襞。
本研究中骆驼的血尿综合征主要由血尿引起，现有的病因有肾结石、膀胱炎、肾盂肾炎、肾周和肾脓肿以及肾肿瘤。超声在评估肾脏实质和膀胱方面具有优势，可验证现有的肾结石、肾盂积水、肾盂肾炎、肾周和肾脓肿、膀胱炎以及破裂或穿孔的膀胱。
