Bone Metabolic Diseases Unit, Department of Experimental & Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Department of Life Science, Health, and Health Professions, Link Campus University, Rome, Italy.
Endocrine. 2024 Dec;86(3):1003-1013. doi: 10.1007/s12020-024-03950-w. Epub 2024 Aug 23.
Restrictive measures due to the Covid-19 pandemic strongly impacted lifestyle and daily behaviour. The purpose of this longitudinal retrospective study was to investigate short-term and long-term effects of Covid-19 pandemic on physical activity and eating habits of the Italian population investigating three time periods: pre-, during- and post-lockdown.
A sample of 2773 adults recruited through social media provided data by an online survey administered from July to October 2023. Participants completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF), the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) and provided information about eating habits, socio-demographic and anthropometric characteristics.
There was a significant increase (p < 0.001) in mean BMI from pre-pandemic period (24.53 ± 5.34 Kg/m) to post-pandemic period (25.22 ± 6.0 Kg/m). Physical Activity significantly decreased during the pandemic period compared to the pre-pandemic period (χ² = 271.97; p < 0.001; φ = 0.31) with an increase in inactive subjects from 25.7% to 52.8%. In the post pandemic period, there was an increase in the level of Physical Activity compared to the pandemic period (χ² = 413.61; p < 0.001; φ = 0.39) with a reduction of inactive subjects from 52.8% to 25.6%. Adherence to Mediterranean Diet score significantly (p < 0.001) increase from pre-pandemic (7.18 ± 1.58) to during-pandemic (7.29 ± 1.69) and post-pandemic (7.75 ± 1.63) periods with significant differences emerged in the consumption of single MEDAS items during the pandemic period by different BMI classes. Consumption of seasonal fruit and vegetables, water intake, the preparation/consumption of traditional or local dishes and the time dedicated for dinner and lunch significant increase (p < 0.001) during pandemic.
The Covid-19 pandemic changed people's lifestyles, but in different ways for Physical Activity and diet. During the pandemic there was a negative effect for PA that decreased while the time spent sitting increased. This seems to be a temporary effect as, after the end of the phase of mandatory restrictions, it returns to the original level. The lockdown period improved the quality of the Italian population's eating habits, with an increase in adherence to the Mediterranean diet even after the end of the pandemic showing a rediscovery of traditional dishes, increase in consumption of seasonal products, greater preference for local products and more time spent preparing meals.
由于新冠疫情的限制措施，人们的生活方式和日常行为受到了强烈影响。本纵向回顾性研究的目的是调查新冠疫情对意大利人口的体育活动和饮食习惯的短期和长期影响，研究了三个时间段：疫情前、疫情期间和封锁后。
通过社交媒体招募了 2773 名成年人作为样本，他们通过 2023 年 7 月至 10 月期间进行的在线调查提供了数据。参与者完成了国际体力活动问卷-短卷（IPAQ-SF）、地中海饮食依从性筛查器（MEDAS），并提供了饮食习惯、社会人口学和人体测量特征方面的信息。
从疫情前（24.53±5.34kg/m）到疫情后（25.22±6.0kg/m），参与者的平均 BMI 显著增加（p<0.001）。与疫情前相比，疫情期间的体育活动明显减少（χ²=271.97；p<0.001；φ=0.31），不活跃的参与者从 25.7%增加到 52.8%。在疫情后时期，与疫情期间相比，体育活动水平有所增加（χ²=413.61；p<0.001；φ=0.39），不活跃的参与者从 52.8%减少到 25.6%。地中海饮食得分显著增加（p<0.001），从疫情前（7.18±1.58）到疫情期间（7.29±1.69）和疫情后（7.75±1.63），不同 BMI 类别在疫情期间的单个 MEDAS 项目的消费方面出现了显著差异。在疫情期间，季节性水果和蔬菜、水的摄入量、传统或当地菜肴的准备/消费以及晚餐和午餐的时间显著增加（p<0.001）。
新冠疫情改变了人们的生活方式，但对体育活动和饮食的影响方式不同。在疫情期间，体育活动产生了负面影响，减少了，而坐着的时间增加了。这似乎是一种暂时的影响，因为在强制性限制措施结束后，它会恢复到原来的水平。封锁期间改善了意大利人口的饮食习惯，对地中海饮食的依从性增加，即使在疫情结束后，也显示出对传统菜肴的重新发现、季节性产品消费的增加、对本地产品的更多偏好以及用于准备餐食的时间增加。
