BACKGROUND: The use of bibliometric analysis studies allows for the precise assessment of high impact contributions to various fields of study. A bibliometric assessment of academic works cited in filed patents enables tracking the academic studies which have been most influential in the development of new technologies in spine surgery. METHODS: The Lens database was utilized to retrieve scholarly articles related to the field of spine surgery, with special focus on spinal fusion and biologics. Scholarly works cited in patents were organized by publishing journal, article topic, study type, publishing institution, and authors information. Such publications were also categorized by country of origin and, for U.S. patents, region of origin. RESULTS: The employed search criteria yielded 37,005 scholarly works related to spine surgery published between 1889 and 2022 and a total of 947 scholarly works cited in patents from 1968 to 2022. Many of the top contributing authors were orthopedic surgeons while the top 3 authors were biomedical engineers. The region in the U.S. with the most citations in patents and the most scholarly work overall was the middle-Atlantic region. CONCLUSIONS: This patent bibliometric analysis provides a general overview of trends in publications impacting spine surgery innovation over time. Our results highlight top instutions and regional contributions to spine surgery innovation within the United States and worldwide. As the first patent bibliometric study providing data on the most technologically impactful scholarly work in spine surgery, this study has not only historical value in terms of documenting the scientific and intellectual property developments in spine surgery in the past 50 years, but also practical relevance insofar as the identified trends and research hotspots that may provide researchers valuable insights regarding future decisions involving research efforts and resources allocation.