College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
J Environ Sci (China). 2025 Mar;149:628-637. doi: 10.1016/j.jes.2024.03.006. Epub 2024 Mar 17.
Phthalate esters (PAEs), recognized as endocrine disruptors, are released into the environment during usage, thereby exerting adverse ecological effects. This study investigates the occurrence, sources, and risk assessment of PAEs in surface water obtained from 36 sampling points within the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins. The total concentration of PAEs in the Yellow River spans from 124.5 to 836.5 ng/L, with Dimethyl phthalate (DMP) (75.4 ± 102.7 ng/L) and Diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP) (263.4 ± 103.1 ng/L) emerging as the predominant types. Concentrations exhibit a pattern of upstream (512.9 ± 202.1 ng/L) > midstream (344.5 ± 135.3 ng/L) > downstream (177.8 ± 46.7 ng/L). In the Yangtze River, the total concentration ranges from 81.9 to 441.6 ng/L, with DMP (46.1 ± 23.4 ng/L), Diethyl phthalate (DEP) (93.3 ± 45.2 ng/L), and DiBP (174.2 ± 67.6 ng/L) as the primary components. Concentration levels follow a midstream (324.8 ± 107.3 ng/L) > upstream (200.8 ± 51.8 ng/L) > downstream (165.8 ± 71.6 ng/L) pattern. Attention should be directed towards the moderate ecological risks of DiBP in the upstream of HH, and both the upstream and midstream of CJ need consideration for the moderate ecological risks associated with Di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP). Conversely, in other regions, the associated risk with PAEs is either low or negligible. The main source of PAEs in Yellow River is attributed to the release of construction land, while in the Yangtze River Basin, it stems from the accumulation of pollutants in lakes and forests discharged into the river. These findings are instrumental for pinpointing sources of PAEs pollution and formulating control strategies in the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers, providing valuable insights for global PAEs research in other major rivers.
邻苯二甲酸酯（PAEs）作为内分泌干扰物，在使用过程中会释放到环境中，从而产生不良的生态影响。本研究调查了黄河和长江流域 36 个采样点采集的地表水样本中 PAEs 的发生、来源和风险评估。黄河中 PAEs 的总浓度范围为 124.5-836.5ng/L，以邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（DMP）（75.4±102.7ng/L）和邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯（DiBP）（263.4±103.1ng/L）为主。浓度表现为上游（512.9±202.1ng/L）>中游（344.5±135.3ng/L）>下游（177.8±46.7ng/L）。在长江中，总浓度范围为 81.9-441.6ng/L，以 DMP（46.1±23.4ng/L）、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（DEP）（93.3±45.2ng/L）和 DiBP（174.2±67.6ng/L）为主。浓度水平为中游（324.8±107.3ng/L）>上游（200.8±51.8ng/L）>下游（165.8±71.6ng/L）。应注意 HH 上游 DiBP 的中等生态风险，以及 CJ 的上游和中游与 Di-n-辛基邻苯二甲酸酯（DNOP）相关的中等生态风险。相反，在其他地区，PAEs 相关风险较低或可以忽略不计。黄河中 PAEs 的主要来源是建设用地的释放，而在长江流域，其来源是湖泊和森林中污染物的积累，然后排入河流。这些发现有助于确定 PAEs 污染的来源，并制定黄河和长江流域的控制策略，为其他主要河流的全球 PAEs 研究提供有价值的见解。
