Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
Sci Rep. 2024 Aug 24;14(1):19687. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-69989-x.
This study investigated the adsorption of Oxytetracycline (OTC) from pharmaceutical wastewater using a kappa carrageenan based hydrogel (KPB). The aim of the present study was to explore the potential of KPB for long-term pharmaceutical wastewater treatment. A sustainable adsorbent was developed to address oxytetracycline (OTC) contamination. The hydrogel's structural and adsorption characteristics were examined using various techniques like Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and kinetic models. The results revealed considerable changes in the vibrational modes and adsorption bands of the hydrogel, suggesting the effective functionalization of Bentonite nano-clay. Kappa carrageenan based hydrogel achieved the maximum removal (98.5%) of OTC at concerntration of 40 mg/L, pH 8, cotact time of 140 min and adsorbent dose of 0.1 g (KPB-3). Adsorption of OTC increased up to 99% with increasing initial concentrations. The study achieved 95% adsorption capacity for OTC using a KPB film at a concentration of 20 mg/L and a 0.1 g adsorbent dose within 60 min. It also revealed that chemisorptions processes outperform physical adsorption. The Pseudo-Second-Order model, which emphasized the importance of chemical adsorption in the removal process, is better suited to represent the adsorption behavior. Excellent matches were found that R = 0.99 for KPB-3, R = 0.984 for KPB-2 and R = 0.989 for KPB-1 indicated strong chemical bonding interactions. Statisctical analysis (ANOVA) was performed using SPSS (version 25) and it was found that pH and concentration had significant influence on OTC adsorption by the hydrogel, with p-values less than 0.05. The study identified that a Kappa carrageenan-based hydrogel with bentonite nano-clay and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) can efficiently remove OTC from pharmaceutical effluent, with a p-value of 0.054, but weak positive linear associations with pH, temperature, and contact time. This research contributed to sustainable wastewater treatment and environmental engineering.
本研究使用角叉菜胶基水凝胶（KPB）研究了从医药废水中吸附土霉素（OTC）。本研究的目的是探索 KPB 用于长期处理医药废水的潜力。开发了一种可持续的吸附剂来解决土霉素（OTC）的污染问题。使用各种技术（如扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）、X 射线粉末衍射（XRD）和动力学模型）研究了水凝胶的结构和吸附特性。结果表明，水凝胶的振动模式和吸附带发生了相当大的变化，表明膨润土纳米粘土的有效功能化。在浓度为 40mg/L、pH8、接触时间为 140min 和吸附剂剂量为 0.1g（KPB-3）时，角叉菜胶基水凝胶对 OTC 的去除率达到了最大值（98.5%）。随着初始浓度的增加，OTC 的吸附增加了 99%。在浓度为 20mg/L 和 0.1g 吸附剂剂量下，使用 KPB 薄膜在 60min 内达到了 95%的 OTC 吸附容量。研究还表明，化学吸附过程优于物理吸附。强调在去除过程中化学吸附重要性的伪二阶模型更适合表示吸附行为。对于 KPB-3，R=0.99，对于 KPB-2，R=0.984，对于 KPB-1，R=0.989，这表明存在强烈的化学结合相互作用，发现了极好的匹配。使用 SPSS（版本 25）进行了统计分析（ANOVA），结果表明，pH 值和浓度对水凝胶吸附 OTC 有显著影响，p 值小于 0.05。研究发现，角叉菜胶基水凝胶与膨润土纳米粘土和聚乙烯醇（PVA）结合可以有效地从医药废水中去除 OTC，p 值为 0.054，但与 pH 值、温度和接触时间呈弱正线性关系。这项研究为可持续废水处理和环境工程做出了贡献。
