B Nandhinipriya, Narayanarao Gururaj, T R Sabarinath, B Rethika Singh, Chandrasekaran Divyadharshini, Rakeeba Fadhila
Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, CSI College of Dental Science and Research, Madurai, IND.
Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, CSI College of Dental Sciences and Research, Madurai, IND.
Cureus. 2024 Jul 24;16(7):e65317. doi: 10.7759/cureus.65317. eCollection 2024 Jul.
Background Each human being has a specific group of microorganisms that are necessary for both sustaining health and causing illness. Normally, these microorganisms maintain bio-communalism, do not harm the host, and lead to a state known as symbiosis or eubiosis. The commensal nature of these bacteria is always maintained in symbiosis and attains pathogenic potential when there is an imbalance between host immunity and microorganisms. Our study focuses on the identification and differentiation of the various commensals present in the oral cavity of healthy individuals over a given period of time. Aims and objectives This study aims to: (i) identify various commensal bacterial species present in the oral cavity; (ii) differentiate each commensal bacterial species present in the oral cavity of healthy individuals using cytological and culturing methods; (iii) identify the presence of different types of commensal bacterial species in the same individuals with the specific time intervals; (iv) compare and correlate the presence or absence of bacterial species present as a commensal in both male and female; (v) identify and characterize the commensal bacterial species present in the oral cavity of healthy individuals; (vi) investigate the consistency of commensal bacterial species presence over time and between genders. Methodology We included sixty healthy individuals between the ages of 20 and 24 from both genders, took buccal smears once every two days for ten days, stained them with Gram stain, and grew them in blood agar and Mac Conkey agar. Results The most common commensals include Gram-positive cocci, and among them, Coagulase-negative staphylococcus species (85%) are predominant, followed by Staphylococcus aureus (13.33%), and Streptococcus species (1.67%). The presence of colonies remains the same in all three samples obtained from the same healthy individuals. Conclusion Loss of balance between commensals and pathogens can lead to dysbiosis, which results in disease.
背景 每个人都有一组特定的微生物，它们对于维持健康和引发疾病都至关重要。通常情况下，这些微生物维持着生物共生状态，不会伤害宿主，并导致一种被称为共生或微生态平衡的状态。这些细菌的共生性质在共生状态中始终得以维持，而当宿主免疫力与微生物之间出现失衡时，它们就会获得致病潜力。我们的研究聚焦于在给定时间段内，对健康个体口腔中存在的各种共生菌进行识别和区分。
目的 本研究旨在：(i) 识别口腔中存在的各种共生细菌种类；(ii) 使用细胞学和培养方法区分健康个体口腔中存在的每种共生细菌种类；(iii) 确定在相同个体的特定时间间隔内不同类型共生细菌种类的存在情况；(iv) 比较和关联男性和女性中作为共生菌存在的细菌种类的有无；(v) 识别和表征健康个体口腔中存在的共生细菌种类；(vi) 研究共生细菌种类随时间以及在不同性别之间存在的一致性。
方法 我们纳入了60名年龄在20至24岁之间的健康男女个体，每隔两天采集一次颊部涂片，共采集十天，用革兰氏染色法对其进行染色，并在血琼脂和麦康凯琼脂中培养。
结果 最常见的共生菌包括革兰氏阳性球菌，其中凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌种类（85%）占主导，其次是金黄色葡萄球菌（13.33%）和链球菌种类（1.67%）。从同一健康个体获得的所有三个样本中菌落的存在情况保持一致。
结论 共生菌与病原体之间的平衡丧失会导致生态失调，进而引发疾病。
