Department of Nutrition, Electronic Health and Statistics Surveillance Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Front Public Health. 2024 Aug 9;12:1431181. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1431181. eCollection 2024.
Proper nutrition is a crucial factor in preventing osteoporosis, a significant pathological cause linked to skeletal weakness; this study investigated the relationship between dietary diversity score and food group diversity score with osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.
This case-control study was conducted on 378 menopausal women aged 45-85 in Tehran, Iran. The age-matching method to control the confounding effect of age was used. The method of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used for assessing the bone mineral density of lumbar vertebrae and femoral neck. The bone mass status was evaluated with WHO criteria. All subjects were divided into the osteoporosis group and the non-osteoporosis group according to their T-score. A convenience sampling method was utilized to select the participants, which included two groups: case ( = 189) and control ( = 189). Data was collected using demographic and anthropometric information questionnaires, a valid 147 item food frequency questionnaire, and a physical activity questionnaire. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS-26, and -values less than 0.05 were deemed to be statistically significant.
The results indicated significant differences in weight, body mass index, physical activity, smoking, and alcohol use between the two groups. The mean ± standard deviation of dietary diversity score (DDS) was lower in participants with osteoporosis (case) (3.31 ± 1.26) than in control (4.64 ± 1.33) ( < 0.001). The mean ± standard deviation of diversity score of cereals, fruits, and vegetables in the osteoporosis group (respectively: 0.71 ± 0.21, 0.94 ± 0.76, and 0.45 ± 0.44) was less than the control group (respectively: 0.80 ± 0.21, 1.64 ± 0.55 and 0.87 ± 0.42) ( < 0.001). After adjusting the confounding variables, the risk of osteoporosis had an inverse relationship with the diversity score of vegetable (OR = 0.16; 95%CI: 0.07-0.35), bread and cereal (OR = 0.21; 95% CI: 0.05-0.87) and fruit (OR = 0.35; 95%CI: 0.22-0.56) ( < 0.05). Nevertheless, no discernible correlation was seen between the tertiles of DDS, dairy and meat diversity score, and osteoporosis.
We found a correlation between the diversity score of fruits, vegetables, and grains and osteoporosis. However, there is no significant correlation between the DDS triads and the diversity score of dairy products and meats with osteoporosis.
适当的营养是预防骨质疏松症的关键因素，骨质疏松症是一种与骨骼脆弱有关的重要病理原因；本研究调查了绝经后妇女饮食多样性评分和食物组多样性评分与骨质疏松症之间的关系。
本病例对照研究在伊朗德黑兰对 378 名 45-85 岁的绝经后妇女进行。采用年龄匹配方法控制年龄的混杂影响。采用双能 X 射线吸收法（DXA）评估腰椎和股骨颈的骨矿物质密度。采用世界卫生组织（WHO）标准评估骨量状况。所有受试者根据 T 评分分为骨质疏松组和非骨质疏松组。采用便利抽样法选取参与者，包括两组：病例组（n=189）和对照组（n=189）。使用人口统计学和人体测量信息问卷、经过验证的 147 项食物频率问卷和身体活动问卷收集数据。使用 SPSS-26 进行统计分析，P 值小于 0.05 被认为具有统计学意义。
结果表明，两组之间在体重、体重指数、身体活动、吸烟和饮酒方面存在显著差异。骨质疏松症患者（病例组）的饮食多样性评分（DDS）均值±标准差为 3.31±1.26，低于对照组（4.64±1.33）（P<0.001）。骨质疏松症组谷物、水果和蔬菜的多样性评分均值±标准差分别为 0.71±0.21、0.94±0.76 和 0.45±0.44，低于对照组（分别为 0.80±0.21、1.64±0.55 和 0.87±0.42）（P<0.001）。在调整混杂变量后，蔬菜（OR=0.16；95%CI：0.07-0.35）、面包和谷物（OR=0.21；95%CI：0.05-0.87）和水果（OR=0.35；95%CI：0.22-0.56）的多样性评分与骨质疏松症呈负相关（P<0.05）。然而，DDS 的 tertiles、乳制品和肉类多样性评分与骨质疏松症之间没有明显的相关性。
我们发现水果、蔬菜和谷物的多样性评分与骨质疏松症之间存在相关性。然而，DDS 三分位数与乳制品和肉类的多样性评分与骨质疏松症之间没有显著相关性。
