Murphy B P, Harford F J, Cramer F S
Ann Surg. 1985 Feb;201(2):242-5. doi: 10.1097/00000658-198502000-00019.
The introduction of air into the venous or arterial circulation can cause cerebral air embolism, leading to severe neurological deficit or death. Air injected into the arterial circulation may have direct access to the cerebral circulation. A patent foramen ovale provides a right-to-left shunt for venous air to embolize to the cerebral arteries. The ability of the pulmonary vasculature to filter air may be exceeded by bolus injections of large amounts of air. Sixteen patients underwent hyperbaric oxygen therapy for cerebral air embolism. Neurological symptoms included focal motor deficit, changes in sensorium, and visual and sensory deficits. Eight patients (50%) had complete relief of symptoms as a result of hyperbaric treatment, five (31%) had partial relief, and three patients (19%) had no benefit, two of whom died. The treatment of cerebral air embolism with hyperbaric oxygen is based upon mechanical compression of air bubbles to a much smaller size and the delivery of high doses of oxygen to ischemic brain tissue.
空气进入静脉或动脉循环可导致脑空气栓塞，进而引起严重的神经功能缺损或死亡。注入动脉循环的空气可能会直接进入脑循环。卵圆孔未闭为静脉空气栓塞至脑动脉提供了右向左分流途径。大量空气团注可能会超过肺血管系统过滤空气的能力。16例患者接受了高压氧治疗脑空气栓塞。神经症状包括局灶性运动功能缺损、意识改变以及视觉和感觉功能缺损。8例患者（50%）经高压治疗后症状完全缓解，5例（31%）部分缓解，3例患者（19%）无改善，其中2例死亡。高压氧治疗脑空气栓塞的原理是将气泡机械压缩至更小尺寸，并向缺血脑组织输送高剂量氧气。
