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一种新方法：使用酵母产品和精油的预防方案可减少生长育肥猪饲料中抗生素的使用。

A new approach: preventive protocols with yeast products and essential oils can reduce the in-feed use of antibiotics in growing-finishing pigs.

作者信息

de Paula Ygor Henrique, Resende Maíra, Chaves Rhuan Filipe, Barbosa Jéssica Aparecida, Garbossa Cesar Augusto Pospissil, Costa Matheus de Oliveira, Rigo Fernanda, Barducci Robson Sfaciotti, Santos Anderson Aparecido Dias, Pacheco Leticia Graziele, Putarov Thaila Cristina, Cantarelli Vinícius de Souza

机构信息

Animal Science Department, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil.

Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil.

出版信息

Transl Anim Sci. 2024 Jul 13;8:txae104. doi: 10.1093/tas/txae104. eCollection 2024.

DOI:10.1093/tas/txae104
PMID:39185353
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11344245/
Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of yeast products () and essential oils () in total or partial replacement to in-feed antibiotic protocols (growth promoter and prophylactic), both in recommended doses and in overdose of prophylactic antibiotics (), on growth performance, and diarrhea incidence in the growing-finishing pigs; and fecal microbiota in market hogs. Four hundred pigs (20.36 ± 2.64 kg) were assigned to five treatments in a randomized block design: diets with prophylactic and growth promoter antibiotics (); ANT with 30% more PA (); diets with less PA and YP (); diets with less PA, YP and EO (); and antibiotics-free diets with YP and EO (). The content of the active components of the YP was 60% purified β-1,3/1,6-glucans extracted from yeast (Macrogard), 20% functional water-soluble MOS (HyperGen), and 18% MOS, extracted from yeast (ActiveMOS). From 0 to 14 d, pigs of the ANT+30, ANT+Y, and ANT+Y+EO treatments showed a greater body weight () and average daily gain () compared to pigs from the Y+EO group. From 14 to 35 d, pigs of ANT+30 and ANT+Y+EO treatments were heavier than Y+EO group. At 105 d, ANT pigs had a higher BW than the Y+EO group. For the entire period, ADG of ANT pigs was greater, and feed conversion ratio better than Y+EO pigs. From 0 to 35 d, pigs of the Y+EO treatment showed a higher diarrhea incidence compared to pigs of the other groups. From 49 to 70 d, ANT+Y and ANT+Y+EO treatments showed a lower diarrhea incidence than Y+EO group, which remained the case during the overall period. At 105 d, the alpha diversity of fecal microbiota by Shannon Entropy was lower in ANT, ANT+30, and Y+EO groups than observed for ANT+Y+EO group. The abundance of phylum and ratio was higher in ANT than in ANT+Y+EO pigs. phylum abundance in ANT+Y+EO was higher than ANT, ANT+Y, and Y+EO. family abundance was higher in ANT, ANT+30, and ANT+Y groups than in ANT+Y+EO and Y+EO groups. ANT+Y+EO and Y+EO groups show a lower abundance of genus than ANT and ANT+30 groups. In conclusion, the use of YP and EO, in partial replacement to the in-feed antibiotic protocols, does not reduce the growth performance, can replace antibiotic growth promotors, and reduce the in-feed use of PA in growing-finishing pigs. The use of YP and EO, together with PA, increases the microbial diversity, despite having important genera for weight gain in less abundance. Overdose of PA does not improve growth performance and reduces microbial diversity, which does not characterize it as an efficient preventive protocol.

摘要

本研究的目的是评估酵母产品（YP）和精油（EO）全部或部分替代饲料中抗生素方案（生长促进剂和预防性抗生素），包括推荐剂量和预防性抗生素过量（PA）时，对生长育肥猪的生长性能、腹泻发生率以及上市肥猪粪便微生物群的影响。400头猪（体重20.36±2.64千克）采用随机区组设计分为五个处理组：含预防性和生长促进剂抗生素的日粮（ANT）；PA含量增加30%的ANT（ANT+30）；PA含量较低且添加YP的日粮（ANT+Y）；PA含量较低、添加YP和EO的日粮（ANT+Y+EO）；以及添加YP和EO的无抗生素日粮（Y+EO）。YP的活性成分含量为60%从酿酒酵母中提取的纯化β-1,3/1,6-葡聚糖（Macrogard）、20%功能性水溶性甘露寡糖（HyperGen）和18%从酿酒酵母中提取的甘露寡糖（ActiveMOS）。从0至14天，与Y+EO组的猪相比，ANT+30、ANT+Y和ANT+Y+EO处理组的猪体重（BW）和平均日增重（ADG）更高。从14至35天，ANT+30和ANT+Y+EO处理组的猪比Y+EO组的猪更重。在105天时，ANT组的猪体重高于Y+EO组。在整个试验期内，ANT组猪的ADG更高，饲料转化率优于Y+EO组猪。从0至35天，Y+EO处理组的猪腹泻发生率高于其他组。从49至70天，ANT+Y和ANT+Y+EO处理组的腹泻发生率低于Y+EO组，在整个试验期内均如此。在105天时，通过香农熵计算的ANT、ANT+30和Y+EO组粪便微生物群的α多样性低于ANT+Y+EO组。ANT组中某一门的丰度和某一比例高于ANT+Y+EO组猪。ANT+Y+EO组中某一门的丰度高于ANT、ANT+Y和Y+EO组。某一科的丰度在ANT、ANT+30和ANT+Y组中高于ANT+Y+EO和Y+EO组。ANT+Y+EO和Y+EO组中某一属的丰度低于ANT和ANT+30组。总之，YP和EO部分替代饲料中抗生素方案，不会降低生长性能，可替代抗生素生长促进剂，并减少生长育肥猪饲料中PA的使用。YP和EO与PA一起使用，可增加微生物多样性，尽管对体重增加有重要作用的属的丰度较低。PA过量不会提高生长性能，反而会降低微生物多样性，这表明其并非高效的预防方案。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9bc5/11344245/df79bc65c78b/txae104_fig8.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9bc5/11344245/0f009100dea7/txae104_fig1.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9bc5/11344245/a2209a852bf1/txae104_fig2.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9bc5/11344245/9830f5698c52/txae104_fig3.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9bc5/11344245/49263bcb7f4e/txae104_fig4.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9bc5/11344245/4df488bfd79d/txae104_fig5.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9bc5/11344245/6b573b2b3fa3/txae104_fig6.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9bc5/11344245/64c56c15bc5a/txae104_fig7.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9bc5/11344245/df79bc65c78b/txae104_fig8.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9bc5/11344245/0f009100dea7/txae104_fig1.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9bc5/11344245/a2209a852bf1/txae104_fig2.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9bc5/11344245/9830f5698c52/txae104_fig3.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9bc5/11344245/49263bcb7f4e/txae104_fig4.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9bc5/11344245/4df488bfd79d/txae104_fig5.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9bc5/11344245/6b573b2b3fa3/txae104_fig6.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9bc5/11344245/64c56c15bc5a/txae104_fig7.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9bc5/11344245/df79bc65c78b/txae104_fig8.jpg

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