School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, PR China.
Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Rongchang 402460, China.
J Anim Sci. 2023 Jan 3;101. doi: 10.1093/jas/skad393.
The present experiment was conducted to determine the effect of bile acids (BAs) supplementation on growth performance, BAs profile, fecal microbiome, and serum metabolomics in growing-finishing pigs. A total of 60 pigs [Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire)] with an average body weight of 27.0 ± 1.5 kg were selected and allotted into one of 2 groups (castrated male to female ratio = 1:1), with 10 replicates per treatment and 3 pigs per replicate. The 2 treatments were the control group (control) and a porcine bile extract-supplemented group dosed at 0.5 g/kg feed (BA). After a 16-wk treatment, growth performance, BAs profiles in serum and feces, and fecal microbial composition were determined. An untargeted metabolomics approach using gas chromatography with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer was conducted to identify the metabolic pathways and associated metabolites in the serum of pigs. We found that BAs supplementation had no effect on the growth performance of the growing-finishing pig. However, it tended to increase the gain-to-feed ratio for the whole period (P = 0.07). BAs supplementation resulted in elevated serum concentrations of secondary bile acids, including hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA), glycoursodeoxycholic acid, and tauro-hyodeoxycholic acid, as well as fecal concentration of HDCA (P < 0.05). Fecal microbiota analysis revealed no differences in alpha and beta diversity indices or the relative abundance of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at both phylum and genus levels between groups. Metabolic pathway analysis revealed that the differential metabolites between control and BA groups are mainly involved in purine metabolism, ether lipid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, as well as primary bile acid biosynthesis. Our findings indicate that BAs supplementation tended to improve the feed efficiency, and significantly altered the BA profile in the serum and feces of growing-finished pigs, regardless of any changes in the gut microbial composition. The altered metabolic pathways could potentially play a vital role in improving the feed efficiency of growing-finished pigs with BAs supplementation.
本实验旨在研究胆汁酸（BAs）补充对生长育肥猪生长性能、BAs 谱、粪便微生物组和血清代谢组学的影响。选择了 60 头平均体重为 27.0±1.5kg 的[杜洛克×（长白×约克夏）]猪，按雌雄比 1:1 分为两组，每组 10 个重复，每个重复 3 头猪。两组处理分别为对照组（control）和 0.5g/kg 饲料添加猪胆提取物（BA）组。经过 16 周的处理，测定了生长性能、血清和粪便中 BAs 谱以及粪便微生物组成。采用气相色谱-飞行时间质谱联用的非靶向代谢组学方法，鉴定了猪血清中的代谢途径和相关代谢物。结果表明，BAs 补充对生长育肥猪的生长性能没有影响，但在整个试验期内有增加增重/饲料比的趋势（P=0.07）。BAs 补充使次级胆汁酸，包括石胆酸（HDCA）、甘氨鹅脱氧胆酸和牛磺石胆酸的血清浓度升高，同时使 HDCA 的粪便浓度升高（P<0.05）。粪便微生物分析显示，两组在门和属水平的 alpha 和 beta 多样性指数或操作分类单元（OTUs）相对丰度均无差异。代谢途径分析表明，对照组和 BA 组之间的差异代谢物主要涉及嘌呤代谢、醚脂代谢、甘油磷脂代谢以及氨基糖和核苷酸糖代谢，还有初级胆汁酸生物合成。我们的研究结果表明，BAs 补充有改善饲料效率的趋势，并且显著改变了生长育肥猪血清和粪便中的 BAs 谱，而不会改变肠道微生物组成。改变的代谢途径可能在 BAs 补充改善生长育肥猪的饲料效率方面发挥重要作用。
