State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China.
Adisseo Life Science (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China.
Front Immunol. 2024 Aug 9;15:1368444. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1368444. eCollection 2024.
genus is a common pathogen in aquaculture and causes acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) and massive mortality of shrimp. Many studies have suggested that a single functional ingredient such as plant extract or organic acid can reduce the dependence on antibiotics and promote the growth and immunity of aquatic animals. In this study, we evaluated the effects of a phytobiotic-based compound additive (Sanacore® GM, SNGM), which had a successful trajectory of commercial application in fish farming. However, its effects on the hepatopancreas health and intestinal microbiota of shrimp after challenge have not been well evaluated. In the present study, Pacific white shrimp were fed diets with or without supplementation of SNGM, and the SNGM grades were 0-g/kg (CON), 3-g/kg (SNGM3), and 5-g/kg (SNGM5) diets. The feed trial lasted 60 days, after which a challenge was performed. The results showed that compared to the CON group, both the SNGM3 and SNGM5 groups had a significantly higher weight gain and a lower feed conversion ratio as well as higher survival after challenge. In the growth trial, the SNGM3 group had a significantly increased total protein, albumin concentration, and acid phosphatase activity in hemolymph compared to the CON group. In the challenge experiment, the SNGM3 and SNGM5 groups had increased albumin and glucose contents as well as the activities of phenoloxidase, lysozyme, alkaline phosphatase, and superoxide dismutase in hemolymph. Both the SNGM3 and SNGM5 groups had improved morphology of the hepatopancreas and intestine. The SNGM5 group had alleviated gut microbiota dysbiosis induced by infection by increasing the potential probiotic bacterium abundance () and decreasing the potential pathogenic bacteria abundance (, , , and ). In conclusion, the dietary phytobiotic-based additive at 3-g/kg level increased the growth and resistance of Pacific white shrimp by promoting immune-related enzyme activities and improving the morphological structure of the hepatopancreas and intestine and the intestinal microbiota composition.
属是水产养殖中的常见病原体，可引起急性肝胰腺坏死病 (AHPND) 和虾类大量死亡。许多研究表明，单一功能成分，如植物提取物或有机酸，可减少对抗生素的依赖，并促进水生动物的生长和免疫力。在本研究中，我们评估了一种基于植物源复合添加剂（Sanacore® GM，SNGM）的效果，该添加剂在鱼类养殖中具有成功的商业应用轨迹。然而，其对虾肝胰腺健康和肠道微生物群的影响在受到挑战后尚未得到很好的评估。在本研究中，我们用添加或不添加 SNGM 的饲料喂养凡纳滨对虾，SNGM 分为 0-g/kg（CON）、3-g/kg（SNGM3）和 5-g/kg（SNGM5）饲料。饲料试验持续 60 天，之后进行了一次挑战。结果表明，与 CON 组相比，SNGM3 和 SNGM5 组的增重率显著提高，饲料转化率降低，挑战后的存活率也更高。在生长试验中，与 CON 组相比，SNGM3 组对虾血淋巴中的总蛋白、白蛋白浓度和酸性磷酸酶活性显著增加。在挑战实验中，SNGM3 和 SNGM5 组血淋巴中的白蛋白和葡萄糖含量以及酚氧化酶、溶菌酶、碱性磷酸酶和超氧化物歧化酶的活性均增加。SNGM3 和 SNGM5 组对虾的肝胰腺和肠道形态均得到改善。SNGM5 组通过增加潜在益生菌（）的丰度和降低潜在致病菌（、、和）的丰度，缓解了由感染引起的肠道微生物群失调。总之，日粮中添加 3 g/kg 水平的植物源复合添加剂通过提高免疫相关酶活性、改善肝胰腺和肠道的形态结构以及肠道微生物群组成，提高了凡纳滨对虾的生长和抗病能力。
