Reyes Guillermo, Betancourt Irma, Andrade Betsy, Panchana Fanny, Román Rubén, Sorroza Lita, Trujillo Luis E, Bayot Bonny
Centro Nacional de Acuicultura e Investigaciones Marinas (CENAIM), Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral (ESPOL), Guayaquil, Ecuador.
Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida (FCV), Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral (ESPOL), Guayaquil, Ecuador.
Front Microbiol. 2022 May 9;13:838640. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.838640. eCollection 2022.
Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) is an emerging bacterial disease of cultured shrimp caused mainly by , which harbors the lethal PirAB toxin genes. Although () postlarvae are susceptible to AHPND, the changes in the bacterial communities through the larval stages affected by the disease are unknown. We characterized, through high-throughput sequencing, the microbiome of larvae infected with AHPND-causing bacteria through the larval stages and compared the microbiome of larvae collected from high- and low-survival tanks. A total of 64 tanks from a commercial hatchery were sampled at mysis 3, postlarvae 4, postlarvae 7, and postlarvae 10 stages. PirAB toxin genes were detected by PCR and confirmed by histopathology analysis in 58 tanks. Seven from the 58 AHPND-positive tanks exhibited a survival rate higher than 60% at harvest, despite the AHPND affectation, being selected for further analysis, whereas 51 tanks exhibited survival rates lower than 60%. A random sample of 7 out of these 51 AHPND-positive tanks was also selected. Samples collected from the selected tanks were processed for the microbiome analysis. The V3-V4 hypervariable regions of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene of the samples collected from both the groups were sequenced. The Shannon diversity index was significantly lower at the low-survival tanks. The microbiomes were significantly different between high- and low-survival tanks at M3, PL4, PL7, but not at PL10. Differential abundance analysis determined that biomarkers associated with high and low survival in shrimp hatchery tanks affected with AHPND. The genera , , , , , , , and , among others, were enriched in the high-survival tanks. On the other hand, , , , , and , among others, were enriched in the low-survival tanks. The results can be used to develop applications to prevent losses in shrimp hatchery tanks affected by AHPND.
急性肝胰腺坏死病（AHPND）是一种新兴的养殖虾类细菌性疾病，主要由携带致死性PirAB毒素基因的 引起。尽管 （）幼体易患AHPND，但受该疾病影响的幼体阶段细菌群落的变化尚不清楚。我们通过高通量测序对感染AHPND致病细菌的 幼体在幼体阶段的微生物组进行了表征，并比较了从高存活率和低存活率养殖池中采集的幼体的微生物组。从一家商业孵化场共采集了64个养殖池的样本，分别在糠虾3期、仔虾4期、仔虾7期和仔虾10期进行采样。通过PCR检测PirAB毒素基因，并通过组织病理学分析在58个养殖池中得到证实。在这58个AHPND阳性养殖池中，有7个在收获时存活率高于60%，尽管受到AHPND的影响，被选作进一步分析，而51个养殖池的存活率低于60%。还从这51个AHPND阳性养殖池中随机抽取了7个样本。对从选定养殖池中采集的样本进行微生物组分析。对两组采集样本的16S核糖体RNA（rRNA）基因的V3-V4高变区进行测序。低存活率养殖池的香农多样性指数显著较低。在糠虾3期、仔虾4期、仔虾7期，高存活率和低存活率养殖池的微生物组存在显著差异，但在仔虾10期没有差异。差异丰度分析确定了与受AHPND影响的虾孵化场养殖池中高存活率和低存活率相关的生物标志物。 等属在高存活率养殖池中富集。另一方面， 等属在低存活率养殖池中富集。这些结果可用于开发应用，以防止受AHPND影响的虾孵化场养殖池出现损失。
