Department of Physiotherapy, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
Clinimetria Research Group F-14, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain.
J Sport Rehabil. 2024 Aug 26;33(8):630-638. doi: 10.1123/jsr.2023-0342. Print 2024 Nov 1.
The Upper Limb Functional Index (ULFI) is a popular tool with valid psychometric properties to assess upper limb function in patients with musculoskeletal conditions. The aim of the study was to cross-culturally adapt and validate the German version of the ULFI.
Cross-cultural validation.
A 2-stage cross-cultural adaptation of the ULFI was performed according to international guidelines through consecutive forward and backward translations. Psychometric properties of internal consistency, test-retest reliability, criterion, face and content validity, and factor structure were determined from the included German participants suffering from upper limb conditions (n = 100), who fulfilled the following inclusion criteria: (1) older than 18 years old, (2) German as native language, and (3) medical diagnosis of musculoskeletal upper limb condition. Participants completed the ULFI; Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand; EuroQol Health Questionnaire 5 Dimensions; and Short Form-12 questionnaires.
The ULFI-G showed good internal consistency (α = .88); excellent test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient2:1 = .98); directly strong correlation with Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (r = .84); fair correlation with Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand-sport (r = .54); inversely fair correlation with EuroQol Health Questionnaire 5 Dimensions (r = -.62); and Short Form 12's physical health domain (r = -.7). A single-factor structure was revealed.
The ULFI-G showed adequate psychometric properties and proved to be a valid tool for upper limb functional assessment in German population.
上肢功能指数（ULFI）是一种流行的工具，具有有效的心理测量学特性，可用于评估肌肉骨骼疾病患者的上肢功能。本研究的目的是对 ULFI 进行跨文化调适和验证。
跨文化验证。
根据国际指南，通过连续的正向和反向翻译，对 ULFI 进行了 2 阶段的跨文化调适。从满足以下纳入标准的上肢疾病德国患者（n=100）中确定内部一致性、测试-重测可靠性、标准、表面和内容有效性以及因子结构的心理测量学特性：（1）年龄大于 18 岁，（2）母语为德语，（3）上肢肌肉骨骼疾病的医学诊断。参与者完成 ULFI；手臂、肩膀和手的残疾；欧洲五维健康问卷；和简短形式 12 个问题。
ULFI-G 表现出良好的内部一致性（α=0.88）；极好的测试-重测可靠性（组内相关系数 2：1=0.98）；与手臂、肩膀和手残疾（r=0.84）有直接的强相关性；与手臂、肩膀和手残疾运动（r=0.54）有公平的相关性；与欧洲五维健康问卷（r=-.62）呈负相关；与简短形式 12 项的身体健康领域（r=-.7）呈反向公平相关。揭示了单因素结构。
ULFI-G 表现出适当的心理测量学特性，被证明是德国人群上肢功能评估的有效工具。
