University Institute of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
Head of Department University Institute of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2022 Jul 20;23(1):691. doi: 10.1186/s12891-022-05628-8.
The upper limb functional index is broadly used outcome measure for musculoskeletal disorders of the upper limb. The main objective of the study was to translate and validate the upper limb functional index (ULFI) outcome measure in the Urdu language.
Upper limb functional index was translated into Urdu language using Beaton et al. guidelines through forward and backward translation along with the expert committee reviews. Two fifty (n = 250) Urdu-speaking patients with sub-acute or chronic conditions of upper limb musculoskeletal disorders were included in the study. The mean age was 32.33 ± 4.67 years. The data were collected from the physical therapy department of The University of Lahore Teaching hospital. All participants completed the upper limb functional index-Urdu (ULFI-U), Numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), Quick Disability of arm, shoulder, and hand (QuickDash), and (health survey) SF-12 at baseline while only ULFI-U at day three. Reliability was assessed through internal consistency by Cronbach's alpha and test-retest reliability by intra-class correlation (ICC). Content validity was measured by Lynn and Lawshee method. Spearman's correlation has been used to measure criterion validity. The construct validity was measured through hypothesis testing. The structural validity has been explained through factor analysis by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using Maximum likelihood extraction (MLE) with Promax rotation.
The English version of ULFI was translated into the Urdu language with minor alterations. The Urdu version ULFI has demonstrated high levels of reliability with intra-class correlation (ICC 0.91) and Cronbach's alpha (α = 0.94). The content validity index found as 0.808, the criterion validity for ULFI-U correlating with quick Dash was found excellent (r = 0.845) and ULFI-U established strong correlation with 6 domains of SF-12(r = 0.697 to 0.767) and weak correlation with its 2 domains and NPRS(r = 0.520). A two-factor structure was obtained using EFA.
The ULFI-U is a valid and reliable patient-reported outcome (PRO) that can be used to assess upper limb musculoskeletal disorders in Urdu-speaking patients.
This study was registered in the U. S National Library on clinicaltrial.gov under registration no. NCT05088096 . (Date: 21/10/2021).
上肢功能指数是一种广泛用于上肢肌肉骨骼疾病的结果测量方法。本研究的主要目的是将上肢功能指数（ULFI）结果测量方法翻译成乌尔都语并进行验证。
采用 Beaton 等人的指南，通过正向和反向翻译以及专家委员会审查，将上肢功能指数翻译成乌尔都语。纳入 250 名患有上肢肌肉骨骼疾病亚急性或慢性疾病的乌尔都语患者。平均年龄为 32.33±4.67 岁。数据来自拉合尔大学教学医院的物理治疗部门。所有参与者在基线时完成上肢功能指数-乌尔都语（ULFI-U）、数字疼痛评分量表（NPRS）、手臂、肩部和手快速残疾（QuickDash）和（健康调查）SF-12，而仅在第 3 天完成 ULFI-U。通过 Cronbach's alpha 进行内部一致性评估，通过组内相关系数（ICC）进行测试-重测信度评估。内容效度通过 Lynn 和 Lawshee 方法进行测量。使用 Spearman 相关系数测量标准效度。通过假设检验测量结构效度。通过探索性因子分析（EFA）使用最大似然提取（MLE）和 Promax 旋转，通过因子分析解释结构效度。
ULFI 的英文版本已翻译成乌尔都语，只有细微改动。乌尔都语版本的 ULFI 具有很高的可靠性，组内相关系数（ICC 0.91）和 Cronbach's alpha（α=0.94）。内容效度指数为 0.808，ULFI-U 与 QuickDash 相关的标准效度极好（r=0.845），与 SF-12 的 6 个领域有很强的相关性（r=0.697 至 0.767），与 2 个领域和 NPRS 有弱相关性（r=0.520）。使用 EFA 得到了两因素结构。
ULFI-U 是一种有效且可靠的患者报告结果（PRO），可用于评估讲乌尔都语的患者上肢肌肉骨骼疾病。
本研究在美国国家图书馆的临床试验.gov 上注册，注册号为 NCT05088096。（日期：2021 年 10 月 21 日）。
