Bheel Naraindas, Alwetaishi Mamdooh, Jae Idris Ahmed, Syamsir Agusril, Alraeeini Ahmed Saleh, Waheeb Sahl Abdullah, Alkhattabi Loai, Benjeddou Omrane
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, 32610, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Teronoh, Perak, Malaysia.
Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia.
Sci Rep. 2024 Aug 26;14(1):19754. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-70800-0.
This research study is performed on the self-compacting geopolymer concrete (SCGC) combining coal bottom ash (CBA) and metakaolin (MK) as a substitution for GGBFS alone and combined for analysing the fresh properties (slump flow, V-Funnel, and T50 flow), mechanical characteristics (compressive, splitting tensile and flexural strengths) and durability tests (permeability and sulfate attack test). Though, total 195 SCGC samples were made and tested for 28 days. It has been revealed that the consumption of CBA and MK as a substitution for GGBFS alone and combine in the production of SCGC is decreased the workability of SCGC while mechanical characteristics of SCGC are enhanced by utilizing CBA and MK as a substitution for GGBFS alone and combine up to 10%. In addition, the compressive, splitting tensile and flexural strengths were calculated by 59.40 MPa, 5.68 MPa, and 6.12 MPa while using the 5CBA5MK as a substitution for GGBFS in the production of SCGC after 28 days correspondingly. Furthermore, the permeability is decreased by growing the quantity of CBA and MK by the weight of GGBFS alone and jointly in the production of SCGC after 28 days. Besides, the minimum change in length of the SCGC specimen is recorded by 0.062 mm at 7.5MK7.5CBA while the maximum change in length is calculated by 0.11 mm at 10CBA10MK as a substitution for GGBFS at 180 days correspondingly. In addition, the embodied carbon is recorded reduce as the addition of CBA while it is getting higher when the accumulation of MK alone or combined with CBA in SCGC. Besides, response models for prediction were constructed and confirmed using ANOVA at an accuracy rate of 95%. The models' R fluctuated from 88 to 99%. It has been observed that the utilization of CBA and MK alone and together up to 10% as substitution for GGBFS in geopolymer concrete provides the best results therefore it is suggested for structural applications.
本研究针对以煤底灰（CBA）和偏高岭土（MK）替代粒化高炉矿渣粉（GGBFS）单独使用及混合使用的自密实地质聚合物混凝土（SCGC）进行，以分析其新拌性能（坍落度、V型漏斗试验和T50流动时间）、力学性能（抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度和抗弯强度）以及耐久性试验（渗透性和抗硫酸盐侵蚀试验）。总共制作了195个SCGC样品并进行了28天的测试。结果表明，在SCGC生产中单独或混合使用CBA和MK替代GGBFS会降低SCGC的工作性，但单独或混合使用CBA和MK替代GGBFS达10%时，会提高SCGC的力学性能。此外，在SCGC生产中使用5CBA5MK替代GGBFS 28天后，抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度和抗弯强度分别为59.40MPa、5.68MPa和6.12MPa。此外，在SCGC生产中单独或混合使用CBA和MK替代GGBFS 28天后，随着CBA和MK用量的增加，渗透性降低。此外，在180天时，以7.5MK7.5CBA替代GGBFS时，SCGC试件的最小长度变化记录为0.062mm，以10CBA10MK替代GGBFS时，最大长度变化计算为0.11mm。此外，随着CBA的添加，体现碳减少，而在SCGC中单独或与CBA混合添加MK时，体现碳增加。此外，构建了预测响应模型并使用方差分析（ANOVA）进行验证，准确率为95%。模型的R值在88%至99%之间波动。据观察，在地质聚合物混凝土中单独或混合使用CBA和MK替代GGBFS达10%时效果最佳，因此建议用于结构应用。
