Department of Physical Education, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, China.
School of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
Front Public Health. 2023 Sep 22;11:1126569. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1126569. eCollection 2023.
As a primary source of added sugars in the US diet, sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption is presumed to contribute to obesity prevalence and poor oral health. We systematically synthesized and quantified evidence from US-based natural experiments concerning the impact of SSB taxes on beverage prices, sales, purchases, and consumption.
A keyword and reference search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and EconLit from the inception of an electronic bibliographic database to Oct 31, 2022. Meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the pooled effect of soda taxes on SSB consumption, prices, passthrough rate, and purchases.
Twenty-six natural experiments, all adopting a difference-in-differences approach, were included. Studies assessed soda taxes in Berkeley, Oakland, and San Francisco in California, Philadelphia in Pennsylvania, Boulder in Colorado, Seattle in Washington, and Cook County in Illinois. Tax rates ranged from 1 to 2 ¢/oz. The imposition of the soda tax was associated with a 1.06 ¢/oz. (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.90, 1.22) increase in SSB prices and a 27.3% (95% CI = 19.3, 35.4%) decrease in SSB purchases. The soda tax passthrough rate was 79.7% (95% CI = 65.8, 93.6%). A 1 ¢/oz. increase in soda tax rate was associated with increased prices of SSBs by 0.84 ¢/oz (95% CI = 0.33, 1.35).
Soda taxes could be effective policy leverage to nudge people toward purchasing and consuming fewer SSBs. Future research should examine evidence-based classifications of SSBs, targeted use of revenues generated by taxes to reduce health and income disparities, and the feasibility of redesigning the soda tax to improve efficiency.
作为美国饮食中添加糖的主要来源，含糖饮料（SSB）的消费被认为是肥胖流行和口腔健康不良的原因。我们系统地综合和量化了来自美国基于自然实验的证据，这些证据涉及 SSB 税对饮料价格、销售、购买和消费的影响。
在 2022 年 10 月 31 日之前，我们在 PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、Scopus 和 EconLit 中使用关键字和参考文献搜索进行了检索。我们进行了荟萃分析，以估计苏打税对 SSB 消费、价格、传递率和购买的综合影响。
共纳入 26 项自然实验，均采用差异法。研究评估了加利福尼亚州伯克利、奥克兰和旧金山、宾夕法尼亚州费城、科罗拉多州博尔德、华盛顿州西雅图和伊利诺伊州库克县的苏打税。税率范围为 1 至 2 美分/液盎司。苏打税的征收与 SSB 价格上涨 1.06 美分/液盎司（95%置信区间[CI] = 0.90，1.22）和 SSB 购买量下降 27.3%（95% CI = 19.3，35.4%）相关。苏打税的传递率为 79.7%（95% CI = 65.8，93.6%）。苏打税每增加 1 美分/液盎司，SSB 价格就会相应上涨 0.84 美分/液盎司（95% CI = 0.33，1.35）。
苏打税可能是一种有效的政策杠杆，可以促使人们减少 SSB 的购买和消费。未来的研究应检验基于证据的 SSB 分类、有针对性地使用税收收入来减少健康和收入差距，以及重新设计苏打税以提高效率的可行性。
